ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2025
Detection of S1 spike protein in CD16+ monocytes up to 245 days in SARS-CoV-2-negative post-COVID-19 vaccine syndrome (PCVS) individuals.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond correlation and causation: epistemic caution, anomalous findings, and COVID-19 vaccine safety.Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM · 2026Review
- Article
- Autoimmune Features of Post-COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome and Their Impacts on the Renin-Angiotensin System.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Characterizing persistent Post-COVID-19 vaccination symptoms using MedDRA system organ class and preferred term classifications.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Potential Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein on HIV-1 Reservoir in People Living with HIV.Viruses · 2026Review
- COVID vaccination and post-infection cancer signals: Evaluating patterns and potential biological mechanisms.Oncotarget · 2026Review
- Detailed investigation of B cell populations following vaccination and infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 during pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Post-booster longitudinal plasma proteomic changes following BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in Qatar.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Central Role of Macrophages in Long COVID Pathophysiology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 and Myasthenic-like Symptom Complications in Two Relatives: A Coincidence or Spike Toxicity with Thymic Response in Predisposed Individuals? Two Clinical Cases with a Comprehensive Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Synthetic messenger RNA vaccines and transcriptomic dysregulation: Evidence from new-onset adverse events and cancers post-vaccination.World journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Do Long COVID and COVID Vaccine Side Effects Share Pathophysiological Picture and Biochemical Pathways?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Restoring trust in vaccination: listening to patients and acknowledging Post-Acute COVID Vaccine Syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Complex chronic adverse events following immunization: a systemic critique and reform proposal for vaccine pharmacovigilance.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite over 13 billion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses administered globally, persistent post-vaccination symptoms, termed post-COVID-19 vaccine syndrome (PCVS), resemble post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Symptoms like cardiac, vascular, and neurological issues often emerge shortly after vaccination and persist for months to years, mirroring PASC. We previously showed the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein persists in CD16+ monocytes after infection, potentially driving PASC. Approved vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, Janssen, AstraZeneca) deliver synthetic S1 to elicit immunity, suggesting a shared mechanism. We hypothesized that vaccine-derived S1 persistence in CD16+ monocytes sustains inflammation akin to PASC, contributing to PCVS. We studied 50 individuals with PCVS symptoms lasting over 30 days post-vaccination and 26 asymptomatic controls, using (1) machine learning-based immune profiling to compare cytokine signatures with PASC, (2) flow cytometry to detect S1 in CD16+ monocytes, and (3) LC-MS to confirm S1 across vaccine types. We correlated S1 persistence with symptom duration and inflammation. Prior infection was excluded via clinical history, anti-nucleocapsid antibody tests, and T-detect assays, though definitive tests are lacking. Preliminary findings suggest S1 persistence in CD16+ monocytes and an associated inflammatory profile may contribute to PCVS. Further studies are needed to confirm causality and prevalence.
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