Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40357716›Full record

Observational studyDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025

The efficacy of intermittent scanning continuous glucose monitoring in the elderly: A case-control study.

Riemer A Been, Max R X van Helsdingen, Darren Zammit, Marco Grzegorczyk, Wim P Krijnen, Katalin Tamasi, Rijk O B Gans, André P van Beek, Peter R van Dijk

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Riemer A BeenDepartment of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3653-9430
Max R X van HelsdingenDepartment of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Darren ZammitDepartment of Mathematics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Marco GrzegorczykDepartment of Mathematics, Bernoulli Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Wim P KrijnenDepartment of Mathematics, Bernoulli Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Katalin TamasiDepartment of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Rijk O B GansDepartment of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
André P van BeekDepartment of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Peter R van DijkDepartment of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-9702-6551

Funding

European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (EFSD)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsThe efficacy of intermittently scanning continuous glucose monitoring (is-CGM) technology among elderly people with diabetes mellitus (DM) has been understudied. We investigated if the initiation of is-CGM results in improved glycemic control among this population. MATERIALS AND

methodsRetrospective, observational case-control study. Cases were selected randomly from the DM outpatient clinic of the University Medical Center Groningen between 2015 and 2022 if they had type 1 or type 2 DM, were registered users of is-CGM devices and were aged 60 or older at initiation of those devices. They were matched to randomly selected controls with no CGM usage based on age, gender, DM type and treatment type (insulin-pen or pump). Data were collected at baseline, 6 months prior and 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months after initiation. Linear mixed-effects regression was performed to assess the effects of is-CGM usage on HbA1c.

resultsThree hundred and fifty-three participants were analysed (142 cases, 211 controls). Median HbA1c at baseline for is-CGM users was 8.00% [7.20%-9.10%] and for controls 7.90% [7.10%-8.70%]. Unadjusted analysis showed significant reductions of HbA1c 3 months after initialization (cases vs. controls, -0.50% vs. -0.02%, p = 0.016), persisting throughout the study. Adjusting for confounders, is-CGM initiation resulted in significant HbA1c reductions after 6 months (-0.29%, p = 0.006) up until 24 months (-0.39%, p = 0.033). The rate of sensor discontinuation was 2.8%.

conclusionsThe use of is-CGM improves glycemic control in elderly (≥60 years old) persons with DM after 3 months, and this persists for at least 24 months. The number of discontinuations is low. This data emphasizes the positive impact of is-CGM on the elderly population with DM.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glycemic ControlAgedAged, 80 and overCase-Control StudiesContinuous Glucose MonitoringFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic Agentsblood glucose self‐monitoringdiabetes mellituselderlyinsulin therapyintermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring

Identifiers

PMID40357716
PMCPMC12146471

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.