Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40357642›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2026

Practical Approach to Continuous Glucose Monitoring Interpretation and Automated Insulin Delivery Use in Pregnancy: Considerations for Obstetric Providers.

Emily D Szmuilowicz, Celeste Durnwald, Denice S Feig

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. [Management of hyperglycemia in pregnancy (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Optimizing Automated Insulin Delivery Systems for Pregnancy.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Emily D SzmuilowiczFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7399-3934
Celeste DurnwaldUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Denice S FeigUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have multiple well-established benefits outside of pregnancy and are widely used in non-pregnant individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), none of the commercially available AID systems in North America are approved for use during pregnancy. Use of commercially available AID systems off-label in pregnancy is currently limited by: (1) glucose targets higher than the fasting glucose target range recommended during pregnancy and (2) algorithms which were not designed for the dynamic changes in insulin resistance which occur across gestation. However, as AID use in the general population expands, many individuals will opt to continue using these systems off-label during pregnancy, and thus, guidance for providers regarding AID use and optimization during pregnancy is of the utmost importance. A cornerstone to the effective use of AID systems is the systematic and accurate interpretation of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data. One obstacle to the use of both CGM and AID systems by obstetric providers is the lack of comfort with CGM interpretation. We therefore present here: (1) a systematic approach to CGM interpretation during pregnancy and (2) practical guidance regarding AID use during pregnancy for individuals who opt to use commercially available AID systems off-label during pregnancy after consideration of individualized risks and benefits.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseContinuous Glucose MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin Infusion SystemsPregnancy in DiabeticsFemaleHumansPregnancyBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinautomated insulin deliverycontinuous glucose monitoringdiabetes technologyhybrid closed-looppregnancytype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40357642
PMCPMC12075183

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.