Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40357515›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2025

Boredom proneness and inattention in children with and without ADHD: the mediating role of delay aversion.

Chia-Fen Hsu, Vincent Chin-Hung Chen, Hsing-Chang Ni, Ning Chueh, John D Eastwood

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Chia-Fen Hsu *Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Vincent Chin-Hung Chen *School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Hsing-Chang NiSchool of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Ning ChuehDepartment of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.
John D EastwoodDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: A high tendency to boredom and delay aversion are commonly observed traits among children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. However, the interplay between boredom, delay aversion, and ADHD symptoms remains unclear. It is unknown, for example, whether a predisposition to boredom predicts difficulties in sustaining attention because of susceptibility to delay aversion. This study investigated the potential mediating role of delay aversion in the relationship between boredom and inattentive behaviors in children with and without ADHD. Methods: Parent- and self-ratings of boredom proneness, delay aversion, and inattention symptom severity of 93 children with ADHD and 90 typically developing controls (aged 9-16 years) were included in analysis. Results: Both parent- and self-ratings showed that children with ADHD had significantly elevated levels of trait boredom, delay aversion, and inattention compared to controls. Trait boredom, delay aversion, and inattention were inter-correlated. The parent-ratings showed that children with a higher level of trait boredom tended to be more inattentive, and this effect was partially explained by the mediating role of delay aversion. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the relation between boredom and inattention may be at least partially explained by the mediating role of delay aversion in children within and without ADHD.

Indexed as

ADHDboredomdelay aversioninattentionmediator

Identifiers

PMID40357515
PMCPMC12066767

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.