ArticleHealth SA = SA Gesondheid2025
A model for promoting breast self-examination among rural South African women in KwaZulu-Natal.
Article in Health SA = SA Gesondheid, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Breast self-examination (BSE) is a safe, easy and affordable breast screening tool encouraged as an alternative screening method in low-resource settings. The late presentation of breast cancer among rural African women in South Africa is of great concern. No BSE model has been identified for promoting BSE awareness and practice among rural African women in South Africa. Aim: To describe the process involved in developing and describing the model for promoting BSE among rural African women in South Africa. Setting: Four municipal clinics in Kwa-Zulu Natal's iLembe District Municipality. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured one-on-one interviews. Deductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The model was then developed using Chinn and Kramer's four-step theory generation process: concept analysis, relationship statements, model description and model evaluation. Results: A concept analysis was conducted in two phases. A central concept was identified in phase one, and in phase two, it was defined and classified. Based on the identified and defined central concepts, relationship statements were created, which added clarity and direction to the understanding of the phenomenon. The BSE model was described in terms of its purpose, structure and assumptions. Conclusion: Using the BSE model, breast cancer campaigns and programmes can be tailored to the needs of geographically disadvantaged communities in rural South Africa. Contribution: Using the BSE model, the model is proposed to improve the early detection of breast cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.