Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40356856›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2025

Chitosan-Based Intelligent Microneedles for Delivery of Amphotericin B Loaded Oleosomes: Antifungal Ocular Patch Targeting for Effective Against Fungal Keratitis Using Rabbit Model via TLR4/NLRP3 Pathway.

Sammar Fathy Elhabal, Saeed Abdul-Kareem Saeed Al-Zuhairy, Mohamed Fathi Mohamed Elrefai, Mohamed A El-Nabarawi, Sandra Hababeh, Kristina Zarif Attalla, Mai S Shoela, Jakline Nelson, Marwa Fady, Nahla A Elzohairy and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Sammar Fathy ElhabalDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Tech-Nology and Information (MTI) Mokattam, Cairo, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-7970-2288
Saeed Abdul-Kareem Saeed Al-ZuhairyDepartment of Pharmacy, Kut University College Kut, Wasit, 52001, Iraq.ORCID 0000-0002-7871-3313
Mohamed Fathi Mohamed ElrefaiDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11591 Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-4442-9867
Mohamed A El-NabarawiDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Sandra HababehDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-9258-3332
Kristina Zarif AttallaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.
Mai S ShoelaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Jakline NelsonDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef (NUB), Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
Marwa FadyZagazig University Hospitals, Infection Control Unit, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
Nahla A ElzohairyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI) Mokattam, Cairo, 11571, Egypt.
Mariam E AminMicrobiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0003-3867-736X
Heba Sabry AhmedDepartment of clinical pharmacology, faculty of medicine, Zagazig university, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
Tassneim M EwedahPharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt.
Ibrahim MousaPharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Al-Arish, Egypt.
Ahmed Mohsen Elsaid HamdanDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-4930-792X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Fungal keratitis (FK), a major cause of blindness, remains challenging to treat due to poor drug penetration and antifungal resistance. Amphotericin-B (AmB), a water-insoluble and low-permeability, necessitates innovative delivery systems to improve its therapeutic efficacy. Methods: AmB was encapsulated within oleosomes (Ole) prepared using the ethanol injection method, using phosphatidylcholine (Lipoid S100) and sodium oleate, resulting in nanosized spherical globules. The optimized Ole were characterized, then the selected Ole were incorporated into sodium polyacrylate/PEG/chitosan-based microneedles (AmB-Ole/MNs) to improve ocular delivery by creating transient microchannels on the eye surface. Results: The optimized Ole showed a droplet size of (175 ± 0.78 nm), polydispersity index of (0.33 ± 0.04), zeta potential of (31 ± 0.43 mV), high entrapment efficiency (91±0.63%), and improved stability, bioavailability, and controlled drug release. The AmB-Ole/MNs system increases corneal penetration and contact time via transient microchannels in the eye surface, achieving sustained drug delivery over 72 hours with 70% ex vivo permeation over 80 hours compared to AmB. In vitro antifungal activity and histopathological examination showed that the AmB-Ole/MNs system has potent biofilm disruption (>90%) and 27 mm and 32 mm zones of inhibition against Conclusion: The AmB-Ole/MNs system as an innovative ocular delivery platform for fungal keratitis offers sustained drug release, enhanced permeation, potent antifungal activity, and reduced toxicity. AmB-Ole/MNs showed promise for ocular AmB delivery for FK.

Indexed as

Amphotericin BAntifungal AgentsChitosanDrug Delivery SystemsKeratitisAnimalsCandida albicansCorneaDisease Models, AnimalDrug LiberationEye Infections, FungalHumansNeedlesNLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 ProteinRabbitsToll-Like Receptor 4Amphotericin BAntifungal AgentsChitosanNLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 ProteinToll-Like Receptor 4amphotericin-Bantifungalaspergillus nigercandida albicanschitosanfungal keratitismicroneedlesocular

Identifiers

PMID40356856
PMCPMC12068411

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.