Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40356650›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in microbiology2025

Antimicrobial resistance in community-acquired enteric pathogens among children aged ≤ 10-years in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Noah O Okumu, Dishon M Muloi, Arshnee Moodley, Julie Watson, Alice Kiarie, Linnet Ochieng, Joseph O Wasonga, Christine Mutisya, Lorren Alumasa, Joseph J N Ngeranwa and 2 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Multifunctional antimicrobial effects ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Noah O OkumuHealth Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Dishon M MuloiHealth Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Arshnee MoodleyHealth Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Julie WatsonHealth Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Alice KiarieHealth Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Linnet OchiengHealth Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Joseph O WasongaHealth Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Christine MutisyaHealth Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Lorren AlumasaHealth Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Joseph J N NgeranwaDepartment of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Oliver CummingDepartment of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Elizabeth A J CookHealth Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health priority. This systematic review summarizes the prevalence of AMR in enteric pathogens originating from the community, specifically among ≤10-year-old children in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). In addition, it presents the proportions of pooled resistance in Methods: Six online repositories, namely PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CABI, and EMBASE were searched for articles published between January 2005 and September 2024. Random-effects meta-analysis models were constructed to estimate the pooled AMR proportions for CESS pathogens, and a subgroup analysis by region was also carried out. Results: A total of 64 publications from 23 LMICs met our inclusion criteria. The pooled estimates of Conclusion: Our results shed light on drug-resistant enteric bacterial pathogens in young children, providing evidence that CESS pathogens are becoming increasingly resistant to clinically important antimicrobials. Regional differences in resistance patterns between these community isolates highlight the need for strong national and regional surveillance to detect regional variations and inform treatment and appropriate antibiotic stewardship programs. The limitations of our findings include high regional variability, significant interstudy heterogeneity, and underrepresentation of certain LMICs. Systematic review registration: https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-2-0051/, registration number: INPLASY202420051.

Indexed as

antimicrobial resistancechildrencommunityenteric bacterialow-and middle-income countries

Identifiers

PMID40356650
PMCPMC12066647

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.