ArticleFrontiers in neurology2025
Immunotherapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a comparative analysis of efficacy and safety of azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, and rituximab.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Monoclonal antibodies in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Inebilizumab in AQP4-Seropositive NMOSD: One-Year Follow-Up From a Multicenter, Real-World Study.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Safety and Efficacy of Obinutuzumab β (MIL62), a Novel Glycoengineered Type II Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Multicenter, Single-Arm, Phase Ib Clinical Trial.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Tract-based χ-separation imaging differentiates multiple sclerosis from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder by mapping iron and myelin signatures.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Distinct remission immune architectures under rituximab and azathioprine in AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Spectrometric Assessment of Intralot and Interlot Variability in Mycophenolate Mofetil for Injection Using Near-Infrared Spectrometry and Nonparametric Subcluster Detection.Contact in context · 2026Article
- Severe attacks and worse prognosis in patients with late-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder highlight the need for early highly effective treatment.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Predictors of relapse and disability in NMOSD, MOGAD, and double-seronegative demyelinating syndromes: an international multicenter retrospective cohort study.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica with bilateral vision loss as initial symptom secondary to acute middle encephalitis: a report of three cases.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and purpose: Biologic therapies are anticipated to dominate the treatment landscape for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) in the future. Despite this, many patients in China continue to use off-label medications due to economic and other constraints. A multicenter NMOSD cohort study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus (TAC), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), azathioprine (AZA), and rituximab (RTX). The objective of this study is to provide a clinical evidence-based reference for patients who still require the use of these off-label medications. Methods: This retrospective study included NMOSD patients treated with TAC ( Results: A total of 213 patients were included in the study. During the first year of immunotherapy, patients treated with RTX (HR = 18.41, 95% CI: 4.039-83.87; Conclusion: The study provides data comparing the efficacy of various off-label treatments in a Chinese NMOSD cohort, illustrating that RTX is more effective than traditional immunosuppressants in controlling NMOSD relapses and disease activity but no superiority in the time to the first relapse post-immunotherapy initiation. RTX and MMF may offer superior treatment alternatives for NMOSD patients compared to TAC and AZA.
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