ArticleJournal of athletic training2025
Changes in Coping Skills Throughout Concussion Recovery in College-Aged Individuals.
Article in Journal of athletic training, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
contextPsychosocial factors are important to consider throughout concussion recovery. Coping skills may play a role post-injury by influencing the stress response and health-promoting behaviors (e.g., rehabilitation adherence). However, limited evidence exists examining coping skills throughout concussion recovery in college-aged individuals.
objectiveTo compare (1) changes in coping skills between acute and full medical clearance (FMC) visits in college-aged individuals diagnosed with concussion and healthy controls, and (2) determine the association between coping skills and recovery outcomes following concussion.
designProspective cohort study.
settingUniversity laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER
participants96 college-aged individuals (concussion group: N=64, age=21.33±2.37 years; control group: N=32, age=21.54±2.54 years) were enrolled.
main outcome measuresThe Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28) was completed at acute (within 5 days of concussion) and FMC (within 3 days of clearance) visits. A 2 × 2 mixed ANOVA determined differences in total and subscale scores between groups (concussion vs. control) from acute to FMC visit. Multiple linear regressions determined the association between acute ACSI-28 scores and recovery for the concussion group, with statistical significance set a priori at p<0.05 for both tests.
resultsThe concentration subscale was significantly lower for the concussion group at the initial visit (F(1,94)=7.28, p=0.01). The main effect of time showed both groups' ACSI-28 total score significantly increased from acute to FMC visit (F(1,94)=22.08, p<0.001). There were no significant differences in total scores between groups at either visit (p>0.05). Additionally, no associations were found between ACSI-28 scores and concussion recovery outcomes when controlling for sex, race, history of depression/anxiety, and acute visit symptom severity (symptom resolution: B=0.06, p=0.62; FMC: B=0.09, p=0.46).
conclusionsOnly coping-related concentration skills from the ACSI-28 are impaired during the acute stage of concussion recovery but improve by the FMC visit. Other coping skills associated with the ACSI-28 remain unaffected throughout concussion recovery in college-aged individuals.
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