ArticleJournal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics2025
Dissolution Characteristics of Split and Crushed Levetiracetam Extended-Release Tablets in Comparison With Immediate-Release Formulation.
Article in Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Retrospective study on canine idiopathic epilepsy treatment in primary care practices in the United States.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Levetiracetam (LEV) is a commonly used antiseizure medication in dogs, available in immediate-release (LEV-IR) and extended-release (LEV-XR) formulations. LEV-XR improves owner compliance with less frequent dosing, but its lowest concentration tablet (500 mg) often exceeds recommended doses for small dogs. This study evaluated how modifying LEV-XR tablets affects dissolution rates, comparing intact, split, and crushed LEV-XR tablets with intact LEV-IR tablets. Dissolution testing followed United States Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines for LEV-XR tablets. Tablets were placed in a buffer solution (pH 6.0) and agitated at 100 rpm. Samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h, then analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a USP reference standard. Results indicated that splitting LEV-XR tablets slightly increased drug release compared to intact tablets, while crushing eliminated extended-release properties, mimicking LEV-IR dissolution. These findings suggest that splitting LEV-XR tablets may be a viable strategy for dosing small dogs without compromising sustained release. Conversely, crushing LEV-XR tablets may be useful for rapid drug release in cluster seizure protocols. Future pharmacokinetic studies are needed to confirm if these in vitro results correlate with in vivo performance for both maintenance and emergency seizure management in dogs.
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Registered trials
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