ArticleArthritis care & research2025
Avoidant or Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Symptoms in Adults With Systemic Sclerosis: A Nationwide Study in Spain.
Article in Arthritis care & research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systemic sclerosis and small bowel involvement: A systematic review of diagnostic approaches and current evidence.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2026Pooled it
- Proteome-wide serology reveals immune-defined subtypes of gastrointestinal disease in systemic sclerosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal involvement in systemic sclerosis: A spotlight on small bowel involvement, complications and management.Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePatients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) may restrict food intake to manage their symptoms (particularly gastrointestinal [GI]). Whether some patients may develop nutritional and/or quality-of-life impairments indicative of an eating disorder, avoidant or restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), is unknown. We aimed to (1) identify the prevalence and characteristics of ARFID symptoms in patients with SSc and (2) explore the relationship among ARFID symptoms, GI symptom burden, and health-related quality of life.
methodsIn a cross-sectional internet survey nationwide in Spain, patients with SSc completed the Spanish Nine-Item ARFID Screen and assessments of gastrointestinal symptom burden (University of California Los Angeles Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium GI tract 2.0 [UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0]) and health-related quality of life (12-item Short Form Survey [SF-12]).
resultsOf 200 patients with SSc, 99 patients (49.5%) screened positive for ARFID. Just over half of those who screened positive for ARFID (n = 53) screened positive based on having a fear of aversive consequences around eating (eg, GI discomfort). A positive ARFID screen was associated with a greater frequency of self-reported enteral nutrition, weight loss, and self-initiated (vs provider-monitored) diet restrictions. ARFID symptoms were moderately associated with worse GI symptom severity by UCLA GIT 2.0 total score (r = 0.408, P < 0.001) but not for the reflux subscale (r = 0.058, P = 0.420) and constipation subscale (r = 0.090, P = 0.209) and with worse health-related quality of life in all domains and both the physical and mental components of the SF-12 (all P < 0.05).
conclusionARFID symptoms were relatively common in patients with SSc. Future research is needed to identify when a positive screen for ARFID reflects an adaptive response to disease or pathologic restriction indicative of ARFID warranting behavioral treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.