Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40356048›Full record

ArticleJournal of dental education2026

Collection and Use of Patient Demographic Information at US Dental School Clinics.

Julie C Reynolds, Michelle R McQuistan, Brooke M McInroy, Brian J Howe

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of dental education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Julie C ReynoldsUniversity of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7952-9852
Michelle R McQuistanUniversity of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Brooke M McInroyUniversity of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Brian J HoweStony Brook School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe aims of this study were to examine the types of demographic information collected about patients at US dental schools, the ways in which that information was collected, and how it was used.

methodsAn online survey was sent in May 2023 to Assistant/Associate Deans of Clinics or Directors of Clinics at all US dental schools that were open with functioning clinics (n = 70).

resultsAmong 37 responding dental school clinics, the types of demographic information most frequently collected about clinic patients were age (97%), preferred name (92%), and need for language interpretation (89%). Those least frequently collected were educational attainment (8%), income (10%), and sexual orientation (16%). Racial and ethnic information was collected by 81% of dental clinics, 70% of clinics collected patient gender, and 32% collected patient pronouns. Information was most often collected by patient entry, and the second most common approach was by having a receptionist ask the patient/caregiver. The most common uses of demographic data among responding clinics were for research (58%) and quality assessment/improvement (56%).

conclusionThis study found a great deal of variation among dental school clinics in the demographic characteristics collected and methods of collection. Dental schools have an opportunity to improve demographic data collection to ensure patient inclusivity and can utilize demographic information to examine care disparities among their patient population and improve care equity.

Indexed as

Data CollectionDemographyDental ClinicsSchools, DentalAdultFemaleHumansMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited Stateselectronic health record | information technology | patient‐centered care | patient demographics

Identifiers

PMID40356048
PMCPMC12905012

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.