Fabrication of α-lactalbumin-coated chamomile nano-emulsion for their synergistic anticancer and anti-inflammatory applications.

This study aims to evaluate the anticancer properties of chamomile nano-emulsion (Cha-NE) and α-lactalbumin (α-LA) coated Cha-NE (LA-Cha-NE) against breast tumor through both in vitro and in vivo investigations. Both Cha-NE and LA-Cha-NE exhibited typical semi-spherical forms under Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and displayed surface charges of 46.75 and 28.45 mV with average sizes of 87.46 and 112.75 nm, respectively. In a safe manner, Cha-NE and LA-Cha-NE showed higher selectivity against breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7) cells than normal (HSF) cells. Reductions in serum contents of IL1β, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, ASAT, ALAT, creatinine, urea, triglycerides, and cholesterol, as well as an the administration of LA-Cha-NE, breast tumor incidence dramatically reduced. Thus, improvement in survival rates leads to successful prevention of mammary tumorigenesis as proved by the histopathological and immunohistochemistry findings. However, there was an increase in mammary GSH, GPx, CAT, and SOD activity. Both in vitro and in vivo investigations showed that LA-Cha-NE had a beneficial therapeutic effect, exhibiting more significantly regulated apoptosis and elevated expression of genes that regulate the cell cycle. Thus, this study demonstrated that the chemo-preventive property of LA-Cha-NE may offer a brand-new alternative therapy to cure breast cancer by re-establishing the compromised oxidative stress response, enhancing the immune response, reducing inflammation process, and fortifying the apoptosis pathway.