Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40355593›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2025

Three-dimensional genome landscape of primary human cancers.

Kathryn E Yost, Yanding Zhao, King L Hung, Kaiyuan Zhu, Duo Xu, M Ryan Corces, Shadi Shams, Bryan H Louie, Shahab Sarmashghi, Laksshman Sundaram and 16 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Fast and accurate resolution of ecDNA sequence using Cycle-Extractor.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Crosstalk BetweenCancers · 2026
    Review
  14. High-throughputbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Kathryn E Yost *Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6807-950X
Yanding Zhao *Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
King L HungCenter for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3662-4662
Kaiyuan ZhuDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-6505
Duo XuSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
M Ryan CorcesGladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7465-7652
Shadi ShamsCenter for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Bryan H LouieCenter for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Shahab SarmashghiBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0564-1643
Laksshman SundaramDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8953-3940
Jens LuebeckDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Stanley ClarkeVilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0285-0549
Ashley S DoaneDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1489-1786
Jeffrey M GranjaCenter for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Hani ChoudhryDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0401-6619
Marcin ImielińskiLaura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York City, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2211-4741
Andrew D CherniackBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0470-0111
Ekta KhuranaSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4351-7566
Vineet BafnaDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-6241
Ina FelauNational Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jean C ZenklusenNational Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Peter W LairdCenter for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9117-3641
Christina CurtisDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-3802
Cancer Genome Atlas Analysis Network
William J GreenleafDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. wjg@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1409-3095
Howard Y ChangCenter for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. howchang@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9459-4393

Funding

Center for Personal Dynamic RegulomesRM1HG007735 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CHANG, HOWARD Y · 2019 to 2023
$13.8M
LncRNA mechanisms in cancerR35CA209919 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CHANG, HOWARD Y · 2016 to 2022
$6.4M
Combinatorial Cell State EngineeringDP1HG013599 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI William James Greenleaf · 2023 to 2026
$5.4M
Predicting the functional impact of non-coding mutations using patient-specific gene regulatory networksR01CA218668 · NCI · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI EKTA KHURANA, Neville Sanjana · 2018 to 2026
$4.7M
Software and algorithms for elucidating the structure, function, and evolution of extrachromosomal DNAU24CA264379 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BAFNA, VINEET, MESIROV, JILL P. · 2021 to 2025
$3.5M
Computational methods for detecting patterns of complex genomic variationR01GM114362 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Vineet Bafna · 2016 to 2026
$3.1M
Defining and perturbing gene regulatory dynamics in the developing human brainR01NS128028 · NINDS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI William James Greenleaf · 2023 to 2026
$2.4M
Integrative Cancer Epigenomic Data Analysis Center (ICE-DAC)U24CA264023 · NCI · VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI LAIRD, PETER W, SHEN, HUI · 2021 to 2025
$2.2M
Defining and perturbing gene regulatory dynamics in the developing human heart to understand mechanisms of congenital heart defectsR01HL171611 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI William James Greenleaf · 2024 to 2026
$2.1M
Identifying and Targeting 3D Regulatory Nodes that Maintain Glioblastoma Programs.R01NS136475 · NINDS · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI Effie Apostolou, Howard A. Fine · 2024 to 2026
$2.0M
The joint WCM-NYGC Center for Functional and Clinical Interpretation of Tumor ProfilesU24CA264032 · NCI · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI ELEMENTO, OLIVIER, ROBINE, NICOLAS · 2021 to 2025
$2.0M
Center for the Comprehensive Analysis of Cancer Somatic Copy-Number Alterations, Rearrangements, and Long-Read Sequencing DataU24CA264029 · NCI · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI BEROUKHIM, RAMEEN, CHERNIACK, ANDREW DAVID · 2021 to 2025
$1.9M
Cancer Research UK (CRUK) CGCATF-2021/100025Cancer Research UK (CRUK) CGCSDF-2021\100007National Science Foundation (NSF) DGE-1656518NCI NIH HHS F99 CA253729NCI NIH HHS F99 CA274692NCI NIH HHS OT2 CA278635NCI NIH HHS R01 CA218668NCI NIH HHS R35 CA209919NCI NIH HHS U24 CA264009NCI NIH HHS U24 CA264021NCI NIH HHS U24 CA264023NCI NIH HHS U24 CA264029NCI NIH HHS U24 CA264032NCI NIH HHS U24 CA264379NHGRI NIH HHS DP1 HG013599NHGRI NIH HHS RM1 HG007735NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL171611NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM114362NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS128028NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS136475U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1U24CA264023-01U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1U24CA264029-01U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) DP1HG013599U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01CA218668U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01GM114362U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01HL171611U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01NS128028U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) U24CA264032U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) U24CA264379U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI) NIH F99CA253729U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI) NIH F99CA274692U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI) OT2CA278635U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI) R35-CA209919U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) RM1-HG007735
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Genome conformation underlies transcriptional regulation by distal enhancers, and genomic rearrangements in cancer can alter critical regulatory interactions. Here we profiled the three-dimensional genome architecture and enhancer connectome of 69 tumor samples spanning 15 primary human cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We discovered the following three archetypes of enhancer usage for over 100 oncogenes across human cancers: static, selective gain or dynamic rewiring. Integrative analyses revealed the enhancer landscape of noncancer cells in the tumor microenvironment for genes related to immune escape. Deep whole-genome sequencing and enhancer connectome mapping provided accurate detection and validation of diverse structural variants across cancer genomes and revealed distinct enhancer rewiring consequences from noncoding point mutations, genomic inversions, translocations and focal amplifications. Extrachromosomal DNA promoted more extensive enhancer rewiring among several types of focal amplification mechanisms. These results suggest a systematic approach to understanding genome topology in cancer etiology and therapy.

Indexed as

Enhancer Elements, GeneticGenome, HumanNeoplasmsGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansOncogenesTumor MicroenvironmentWhole Genome Sequencing

Identifiers

PMID40355593
PMCPMC12081301

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.