Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40355568›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

New approach to predict wastewater quality for irrigation utilizing integrated indexical approaches and hyperspectral reflectance measurements supported with multivariate analysis.

Mohamed Gad, Reda Abd El Hamed, Ezzat A El Fadaly, Ibrahim E Mousa, Aissam Gaagai, Hani Amir Aouissi, Mohamed Hamdy Eid, Mostafa R Abukhadra, Haifa A Alqhtani, Ahmed A Allam and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mohamed GadHydrogeology, Evaluation of Natural Resources Department, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Minufiya, 32897, Egypt. mohamed.gad@esri.usc.edu.eg.
Reda Abd El HamedChemistry, Evaluation of Natural Resources Department, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Minufiya, 32897, Egypt.
Ezzat A El FadalyInorganic Chemistry Engineering, Evaluation of Natural Resources Department, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Minufiya, 32897, Egypt.
Ibrahim E MousaDepartment of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, 22857, Egypt.
Aissam GaagaiScientific and Technical Research Center on Arid Regions (CRSTRA), Biskra, 07000, Algeria.
Hani Amir AouissiEnvironmental Research Center (CRE), Annaba, 23000, Algeria.
Mohamed Hamdy EidInstitute of Environmental Management, Faculty of Earth Science, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, 3515, Hungary. mohamed.hemida@uni-miskolc.hu.
Mostafa R AbukhadraApplied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
Haifa A AlqhtaniDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. BOX 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed A AllamDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia.
Salah ElsayedAgricultural Engineering, Evaluation of Natural Resources Department, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Minufiya, 32897, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Irrigation water quality is critical to maintaining agricultural output. Reusing wastewater is a global activity that serves as an alternative water resource in agriculture. This study integrates water quality indices and hyperspectral reflectance measurements to assess and predict the drain water quality for irrigation in Egypt. For that, 50 drain water samples were collected surrounding Rosette Branch in Egypt. Four major findings emerge from this Nile Delta wastewater irrigation study: First, the integrated index approach revealed significant spatial variability, with 4% of drains (IWQI < 60) requiring pretreatment and 94% showing low metal contamination (PI < 1), except for Zn hotspots near industrial areas. Second, the newly developed spectral indices such RSI

Indexed as

Agricultural IrrigationWastewaterWater QualityChlorophyllEgyptEnvironmental MonitoringHyperspectral ImagingMultivariate AnalysisWater Pollutants, ChemicalChlorophyllWastewaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalHydrogeochemistryMultivariate analysisNile Delta of EgyptPLSR modelWastewater reuseWater quality criteria

Identifiers

PMID40355568
PMCPMC12069722

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.