Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40355489›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Effects of ChatGPT on students' academic performance in Pakistan higher education classrooms.

Muhammad Azeem Ashraf, Jan Alam, Usama Kalim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Muhammad Azeem AshrafResearch Institute of Education Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
Jan AlamDepartment of Education, University of Wah, Rawalpindi, 47010, Pakistan. Janalam.jk@gmail.com.
Usama KalimSmart Learning Institute, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The rapid integration of cutting-edge technology is significantly transforming the higher education landscape. ChatGPT's groundbreaking technology has provided numerous advantages for higher education. This study explored students' behavioral intentions to utilize ChatGPT as a learning resource in Pakistani universities and its effect on their academic performance. To accomplish this, the study employed a quantitative descriptive approach to examine the impact of various factors on students' behavioral intentions, actual behavior, and academic performance. Reflective measurement criteria were adhered to in the development of all indicators and constructs. The study utilized the PLS-SEM to examine the relationships between variables. The findings indicate that ChatGPT platforms have been beneficial in enhancing students' academic performance within the framework of Pakistani higher education. Behavioral intention serves as the driving force behind students' actual behaviors, with significant influences from habit and hedonic motivation. These findings are encouraging for fostering a positive perception of ChatGPT usage for learning.

Indexed as

Academic PerformanceStudentsAdultFemaleGenerative Artificial IntelligenceHumansLearningMaleMotivationPakistanUniversitiesYoung AdultArtificial intelligenceChatGPTHigher educationHigher education institutionsTAM model

Identifiers

PMID40355489
PMCPMC12069612

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.