ArticlePloS one2025
Tribo-synergism in titanium complex grease using micro and nano particles.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Micro-nano additive-enhanced lubricating greases are pivotal for extreme-condition tribology, yet optimizing synergistic additive concentrations remains constrained by conventional experimental designs. This study employs a central composite design (CCD) coupled with MATLAB response surface methodology to precisely determine optimal concentrations of nano-graphite (N-G), graphene (GN), and potassium borate (PB) in titanium complex grease. Fifteen formulations were tested under progressive loads (98-598 N) via four-ball tribometry, with SEM/XPS characterizing wear mechanisms. The synergistic grease (G-MX: 0.83 wt% N-G, 0.05 wt% GN, 2.59 wt% PB) reduced the average friction coefficient by 45.3% and wear scar diameter by 23.3% versus base grease, surpassing single-additive variants. The CCD-MATLAB framework addressed sampling limitations of prior orthogonal methods, enabling optimization beyond discrete testing points. Mechanistic analysis revealed a dual lubrication regime: physically adsorbed films (soap molecules and refined PB particles) dominated at low loads, while chemically bonded tribofilms (Fe₃C, B₂O₃, TiO₂) ensured wear resistance under extreme pressures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.