Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40353945›Full record

ArticleAnatomical science international2026

Multiple existence of supernumerary heads of the biceps brachii, coracobrachialis longus, dual accessory brachialis, and a Y-shaped axillary arch muscles in the unilateral arm of a Thai cadaver.

Laorrat Phuapittayalert, Wiphawi Hipkaeo

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In one paragraph

Article in Anatomical science international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Laorrat PhuapittayalertDivision of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand. Laorrat.ph@up.ac.th.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5801-5980
Wiphawi HipkaeoDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While single or dual variations of the brachial muscle have been documented, multiple muscular variations in the anterior compartment of the arm are relatively uncommon. Therefore, we aim to report the multiple muscular variation in the anterior compartment of the arm. During routine dissection, we observe the muscular variations including supernumerary heads of the biceps brachii, coracobrachialis longus, double accessory brachialis, and axillary arch muscles in the right arm of a 92-year-old male Thai cadaver. These variant muscles were supplied by branches from the musculocutaneous nerve and brachial artery. The unusual course of these muscles was associated with the neurovascular bundle, which may increase the risk of entrapment of neuropathy. Furthermore, it is essential to understand these anatomical variations to improve surgical procedures in the brachial field.

Indexed as

Anatomic VariationArmMuscle, SkeletalAged, 80 and overBrachial ArteryCadaverHumansMaleMusculocutaneous NerveThailandAccessory brachialisAxillary archCoracobrachialis longusSupernumerary head of biceps brachiiVariation

Identifiers

PMID40353945

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.