ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2025
Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses from birds in China replicate effectively in bovine cells and pose potential public health risk.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The potential of H5N1 viruses to adapt to bovine cells varies throughout evolution.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Current status of H5N1 influenza vaccines against clade 2.3.4.4b of H5N1.New microbes and new infections · 2025Article
- Preparing for the Next Influenza Pandemic: Vaccine Progress, Challenges, and Prospects.China CDC weekly · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In February 2024, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of clade 2.3.4.4b were first reported in dairy cows in the USA. Subsequent multiple outbreaks on dairy farms and sporadic human infections have raised substantial public health concerns. In the same year, four H5N1 HPAIVs of clade 2.3.4.4b were isolated from ducks and geese in live poultry markets (LPMs) spanning seven provinces in China. Evolutionary analysis demonstrated that these viruses had undergone two genetic reassortments with H5 influenza viruses from wild birds in different countries. Except for 565/H5N1, the other three viruses exhibited over 99% genetic homology with avian-origin H5N1 HPAIVs from South Korea and Japan. Notably, 571/H5N1 demonstrated high replication efficiency in bovine-derived cells, particularly in bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells, and caused 16.7% (1/6) mortality in mice at a dose of 10
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