ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
A multilevel analysis of factors associated with unimmunized children in Ethiopia.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: In Ethiopia, 16% of deaths among children aged less than 5 years are attributable to diseases that can be prevented through vaccination. However, studies carried out in Ethiopia to date have not investigated how community- and individual-level factors affect children who receive no vaccine at all. Hence, this study aimed to assess the factors associated with unimmunized children in Ethiopia. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data. A weighted sample of 6,219 children aged less than 5 years was included after a stratified two-stage cluster sampling. To determine the factors that influence unimmunized children, a multivariable multilevel logistic regression model was developed. In addition, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to select variables that have statistically significant effects on unimmunized children. Results: The prevalence of unimmunized children aged less than 5 years in Ethiopia was 22.45% (95% CI: 21.4-23.5). In the multivariable multilevel analysis, individual-level factors associated with increased odds of having unimmunized children included no media exposure (AOR 1.33, 95 CI: 1.02-1.63), place of delivery (AOR 1.5, CI: 1.22-1.91), and the child's relationship to the household head-specifically between the household head and a daughter (AOR 1.5, 95 CI: 1.05-2.41) or categorized as others (AOR 1.8, 95, CI: 1.15-2.74). Community-level predictors associated with unimmunized children included place of residence (AOR 1.8, 95, CI: 1.12-2.58), distance from the health facility (AOR 1.32, 95, CI: 1.09-1.60), and community poverty level (AOR 1.4, 95, CI: 1.05-1.78). Conclusion: In Ethiopia, approximately one-fourth of children could not get basic vaccinations. Media exposure, place of delivery, relationship with the household head, place of residence, distance from the health facility, and community poverty were found to be factors significantly associated with unimmunized children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.