ArticleTobacco induced diseases2025
Comparative assessment of respiratory, hematological and inflammatory profiles of long-term users of cigarettes, shisha, and e-cigarettes in Saudi Arabia.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Optimizing Interdisciplinary Referral Pathways for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Management Across Cardiology and Pulmonology Specialties in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Gulf region smoking mortality trends and forecasts: A 30-year systematic evaluation of tobacco-attributable deaths.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
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Abstract
introductionGlobally, over 1 billion people smoke, resulting in approximately 8 million deaths each year. Although the health risks associated with traditional cigarettes are extensively documented, there is an increasing need to evaluate the long-term effects of alternative tobacco products, particularly shisha, and e-cigarettes. This study seeks to compare the respiratory, hematological, and inflammatory profiles of long-term users of cigarettes, shisha, and e-cigarettes in Saudi Arabia.
methodsA cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at the Respiratory Therapy laboratories of Batterjee Medical College (BMC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between February 2022 and August 2023. It involved four groups: cigarette smokers, shisha smokers, e-cigarette users, and non-smokers. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) measured FEV
resultsCigarette and shisha users demonstrated significantly reduced FEV
conclusionsCompared to non-smokers, long-term cigarette and shisha smoking is associated with airway obstructive changes and increased inflammatory responses. Although e-cigarette users demonstrated lower inflammatory markers and less deviation from normal PFT, some exhibited borderline values with airway obstruction. Further research is needed to clarify the long-term health consequences of e-cigarette use.
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