ArticleCureus2025
Effects of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on Serum Electrolytes and Vitamin Levels: A Quasi-experimental Study in Pakistan.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy on Bone Mineral Density: An Updated Systematic Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Association of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use With Nutrient Deficiencies: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- The association of proton pump inhibitors and inflammatory bowel disease from the perspective of gut microbiota perturbation.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective The study aims to investigate the effects of long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use on various micronutrients and electrolytes as compared to other acid-suppressive therapies in the South Asian population. Study design and setting This quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Department of Family Medicine in a a tertiary care setup in Rawalpindi, Pakistan from January 2022 to March 2023. Materials and methods Forty-nine patients with known gastric acid secretion-related disorders were randomized in two groups. The PPI group was treated with oral omeprazole, while the non-PPI group were given sucralfate and famotidine. Patients were followed up for a period of 12 months and levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, iron, vitamin B12, folate and vitamin D were checked using blood samples at baseline, three-, six-, and 12-month duration. Results The results showed that patients in the PPI group had significantly lower levels of magnesium (1.46 ± 0.15 mEq/L vs. 1.70 ± 0.14 mEq/L, p<0.01), calcium (8.96 ± 0.42 mg/dL vs. 9.50 ± 0.48 mg/dL respectively, p<0.01), and vitamin B12 (329.5 ± 134.7 pg/mL vs. 462.30 ± 193.7 pg/mL, p=0.009) as compared to non-PPI group at 12-month duration. Levels of other electrolytes and minerals did not show significant differences amongst both groups. Conclusion The study indicates that long-term PPI use is associated with lower levels of magnesium, calcium and vitamin B12 levels. Therefore, healthcare providers should consider monitoring these micronutrient levels in patients on long-term PPI therapy to prevent potential nutritional deficiencies.
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