ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2025
Treatment outcomes of dogs with transitional cell carcinoma.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A case of canine urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder with skull and skeletal metastases.Australian veterinary journal · 2026Article
- A Case of Urothelial Carcinoma in Situ of the Bladder in Local Dog in Bali, Indonesia.Archives of Razi Institute · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most prevalent cancer of the urinary tract in dogs. The prognosis is often poor, and the optimal standard treatment has not been established. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the clinical outcomes of dogs with TCC, and (2) determine the potential effects of tumor locations and treatment modalities on the survival times of patients. Electronic records of client-owned dogs with TCC treated with different modalities in a large veterinary hospital in Hong Kong (2005-2024) were evaluated. Of 84 confirmed cases included in the study, 49 (58.3%) died or were euthanized due to TCC. Tumors were located in the bladder neck or trigone region (41), apex (26), prostate (10), and urethra (7). Metastases were detected in 10 patients (12%) at diagnosis, including 4 peripheral lymph nodes, 4 lungs, and 2 in the lumbar spine. Of 84 cases, 4 (4.8%) did not receive any treatments, 14 (16.7%) underwent surgery, 25 (29.7%) received metronomic chemotherapy with chlorambucil with/without methotrexate, 27 (32.1%) received COX-2 inhibitors alone, and 14 (16.7%) received conventional chemotherapy, of which, 5 were later switched to metronomic chemotherapy. The overall median survival time was 233 days. There was no statistically significant difference in patients' survival between tumor locations (
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