ArticlePediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
Long-COVID in children and their parents: A prospective cohort study.
Article in Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Burden of Long-COVID-19 Among Pediatric Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Long-COVID in children and their parents: A prospective cohort study.Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric SocietyArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLong-COVID is a significant global health concern, regardless of age. However, few reports have longitudinally evaluated the characteristics, prevalence, and risk factors of long-COVID in children.
methodsParticipants were Japanese children younger than 18 years hospitalized for COVID-19 between November 2021 and October 2022, along with their COVID-19 affected parents. During hospitalization and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups, participants completed age-appropriate questionnaires on long-COVID symptoms. The quality of life (QOL) score was assessed in children older than 2 years. The prevalence of long-COVID symptoms by age group was compared. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate risk factors affecting long-COVID. Analysis of covariance adjusted for potential confounders was conducted to determine which symptoms affect QOL score.
resultsOf 108 children enrolled, the prevalence of long-COVID was 44.9%, 37.8%, and 22.8% at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively, after SARS-CoV-2 infection. There were no specific risk factors for long-COVID. Cough, fatigue, and sleep disturbance were the most common long-COVID symptoms, with sleep disturbance associated with a change in lower QOL score from admission at all three follow-ups (mean difference 9.25, 20.15, and 19.81; 95% CI, 1.58-16.91, 3.38-36.92, and 5.51-34.11). The prevalence of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) symptoms among 0-6 years was significantly lower than among 7-17 years and parents; there was no significant difference between 7 and 17 years and parents.
conclusionEven 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 22.8% of pediatric patients still had long-COVID symptoms. Some of these symptoms were similar to those of ME/CFS, potentially affecting children's QOL.
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