ArticleMolecular nutrition & food research2025
Oral Delivery of Ellagic Acid Encapsulated in Milk Exosomes: Sex-Based Differences in Bioavailability, Urolithin Production, and Gut Microbiota Modulation.
Article in Molecular nutrition & food research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Plant-Derived Nanovesicles: A Comprehensive Review from Isolation to Clinical Translation-Unlocking Natural Nanocarriers for Biomedical Applications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Dual-target hUCMSCs/EVs therapy for autism spectrum disorder: remodeling gut microbiota and modulating neuroimmune crosstalk in a valproic acid-induced C57BL/6 mice model.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Oral Delivery of Ellagic Acid Encapsulated in Milk Exosomes: Sex-Based Differences in Bioavailability, Urolithin Production, and Gut Microbiota Modulation.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Milk exosomes (EXOs) enhance polyphenols' bioavailability, but their potential for oral administration remains underexplored. Ellagic acid (EA) is poorly bioavailable. We investigate whether EA encapsulated in EXOs (EXO-EA) consumed orally improves EA bioavailability and (or) modulates gut microbiota. For 2 weeks, BALB/c mice received EXO, non-encapsulated EA (NEA), or EXO-EA (0.27 mg EA/kg bw) orally. Targeted and untargeted metabolomics (UPLC-qTOF-MS), fecal SCFAs (GC-MS), and gut microbiota (PacBio 16S-sequencing) were performed. Additionally, EA plasma and brain kinetics were evaluated in rats following intravenous administration of EXO-EA and NEA. Unlike NEA, EXO-EA quadrupled EA plasma levels in Sprague-Dawley rats and enabled brain detection. However, oral EXO-EA in mice failed to deliver EA systemically due to gastrointestinal instability, confirmed by in vitro digestion. Sex-dependent EXO-EA metabolomic effects were observed. Also, in males only, EXO-EA increased fecal urolithin A and SCFAs and enriched the microbiota with Christensenellaceae R7, Ruminococcus species, and Clostridium fusiformis, among others. In females, both EXO-EA and NEA enriched the microbiota with bifidobacteria, including Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. Oral EXO-EA impacted plasma metabolome, modulated gut microbiota, and increased urolithin A and SCFA production sex-dependently. However, gastrointestinal instability, limited EA encapsulation, and low dose administered prevented systemic delivery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.