Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40350429›Full record

ArticleNutrition journal2025

Vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity.

Jianhua Ma, Pingan Li, Jinqi Wang, Haiping Zhang, Zhiwei Li, Lixin Tao, Xinghua Yang, Yanxia Luo, Xiuhua Guo, Bo Gao

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrition journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jianhua MaSchool of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China.
Pingan LiSchool of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China.
Jinqi WangSchool of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China.
Haiping ZhangSchool of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China.
Zhiwei LiNational Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
Lixin TaoSchool of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China.
Xinghua YangSchool of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China.
Yanxia LuoSchool of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China.
Xiuhua GuoSchool of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China. statguo@ccmu.edu.cn.
Bo GaoSchool of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China. gaobo@ccmu.edu.cn.

Funding

The Program of Natural Science Fund of China 82373683
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) has increased substantially in recent years. Previous studies have established the associations between vitamin D, vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms, and the risk of individual cardiometabolic disease (CMD). However, the role of these factors in the progression of CMD to CMM or mortality remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations between vitamin D, VDR polymorphisms, and the dynamic progression of CMM, as well as to explore the potential modification effect of VDR polymorphisms.

methodsData for this cohort study were extracted from the UK Biobank. CMM was defined as the coexistence of at least two CMDs, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. A multi-state model was used to analyze associations between serum 25(OH)D, VDR polymorphisms and the dynamic progression of CMM.

resultsThe sample included 396,192 participants. Over a median follow-up of 13.8 years, 55,772 individuals experienced at least one CMD and 28,624 died. Compared to participants with 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L, those with 25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/L had HRs of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.67, 0.72) for baseline to first CMD (FCMD), 0.74 (95% CI, 0.67, 0.82) for FCMD to CMM, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.62, 0.70) for baseline to death, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.77, 0.92) for FCMD to death, and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.70, 1.03) for CMM to death. L-shaped relationships of these associations were noted, with a threshold around 45 nmol/L. The rs1544410 (BsmI) T alleles may have a detrimental effect, while the rs11568820 (Cdx2) T alleles may exert a protective effect in the early stages of CMM progression. Additionally, VDR polymorphisms significantly modified the association between serum 25(OH)D and certain stages of CMM progression.

conclusionsMaintaining adequate vitamin D levels, as a readily implementable intervention strategy, not only reduces the risk of initial CMD but also delays the progression to CMM or death. Risk stratification based on VDR polymorphisms provides further insights for developing personalized prevention strategies.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesMultimorbidityPolymorphism, GeneticReceptors, CalcitriolVitamin DAgedCohort StudiesCoronary DiseaseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPolymorphism, Single NucleotideRisk FactorsUnited Kingdom25-hydroxyvitamin DReceptors, CalcitriolVDR protein, humanVitamin DCardiometabolic MultimorbidityVitamin DVitamin D receptor polymorphisms

Identifiers

PMID40350429
PMCPMC12067687

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.