Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40349466›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia research2025

Sociodemographic influences on substance use in psychosis in an African cohort.

Megan L Campbell, Raymond Odokonyero, Dickens Akena, Melkam Alemayehu, Lukoye Atwoli, Lori B Chibnik, Bizu Gelaye, Stella Gichuru, Symon M Kariuki, Karestan C Koenen and 12 more

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Article in Schizophrenia research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Megan L CampbellGlobal Initiative for Neuropsychiatric Genetics Education in Research (GINGER) Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, USA; SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. Electronic address: megan.campbell@uct.ac.za.
Raymond OdokonyeroGlobal Initiative for Neuropsychiatric Genetics Education in Research (GINGER) Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda.
Dickens AkenaDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda.
Melkam AlemayehuDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Lukoye AtwoliNeuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Kenya.
Lori B ChibnikStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.
Bizu GelayeStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA.
Stella GichuruDepartment of Mental Health, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya.
Symon M KariukiGlobal Initiative for Neuropsychiatric Genetics Education in Research (GINGER) Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK.
Karestan C KoenenStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA.
Edith KwobahDepartment of Mental Health, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya.
Joseph KyebuzibwaNeuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Kenya.
Rehema M MwemaNeuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Kenya.
Charles R J C NewtonNeuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Kenya; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK.
Kristianna PostStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, USA.
Adele PretoriusSAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Anne StevensonStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, USA.
Rocky E StroudStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, USA.
Solomon TeferraDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Zukiswa ZingelaExecutive Dean's Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, South Africa.
Dan J SteinSAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Kimberly HookStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, USA.

Funding

1/4 Powering Genetic Discovery for Severe Mental Illness in Latin American and African AncestriesU01MH125047 · NIMH · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI MARTIN, ALICIA, NEALE, BENJAMIN MICHAEL · 2020 to 2024
$11.5M
2/4 Powering Genetic Discovery for Severe Mental Illness in Latin American and African AncestriesU01MH125045 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI KOENEN, KARESTAN C · 2020 to 2024
$3.1M
Psychosis Genetics Research in Africa: Building Capacity by Investing in PeopleR01MH120642 · NIMH · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI AKENA, DICKENS HOWARD, CHIBNIK, LORI BETH · 2019 to 2023
$3.1M
Implementing Evidence-Based Treatment for Common Mental Disorders in HIV Clinics in UkraineK23MH133520 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI Kimberly Michelle Hook · 2023 to 2026
$750k
NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH133520NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH120642NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH125045NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH125047
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSubstance use is common among individuals with psychotic disorders, but limited research exists on the variations in substance use across countries in Africa. This study aims to investigate the frequency of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and khat consumption in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) across four African countries: South Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda.

methodsWe utilized data from the Neuropsychiatric Genetics of African Populations-Psychosis project, a large case-control study which will soon have genetic data on over 42,000 participants, half with psychosis. Information on substance use was collected using the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test v3 (ASSIST). The outcome was categorized into never (lifetime usage, no), irregular usage (weekly or monthly) and regular (daily use) based on reported frequency in the past three months. Each substance was modeled individually as an outcome in ordinal regression model adjusting for demographic factors of sex, education and country. Stratified analyses were performed to assess country-specific effects.

resultsIndividuals with BD had significantly higher odds of alcohol consumption compared to those with SCZ. Males showed higher odds of alcohol, tobacco, and khat consumption compared to females. Significant variations in alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis consumption were observed across different study countries. Education level was significantly associated with khat consumption, with higher education levels associated with lower odds of consumption.

conclusionCountry and sex-specific differences in substance use behaviors exist in a large-scale African case-control study of people with psychosis. The findings here are in line with previous work regarding sex and regional differences, though they differ from studies conducted in US populations in that minimal evidence was found to support a relationship between level of education and frequency of substance use for any of the substances studied. This suggests that there may be distinct sociodemographic correlates of substance use in Africa and highlights the critical need to consider individuals of diverse ancestry in large-scale studies while also taking into account regional differences when examining substance use behaviors.

Indexed as

Alcohol DrinkingBipolar DisorderPsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaSubstance-Related DisordersAdolescentAdultAfricaCase-Control StudiesCathaCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultAfrican cohortBipolar disorderPsychosisSchizophreniaSubstance use

Identifiers

PMID40349466
PMCPMC12332754

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.