Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40349359›Full record

Trial reportAmerican journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)2025

Injectable Contraceptives Differentially Affect Select CD4+ HIV-1 Target Cells in the Genital Tract but Not Systemically: Implications for HIV-1 Acquisition.

Chanel Avenant, Alexis J Bick, Johnson M Moliki, Sigcinile Dlamini, Michele Tomasicchio, G Justus Hofmeyr, Charles Morrison, Pai-Lien Chen, Janet P Hapgood

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Chanel AvenantDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-2114-1473
Alexis J BickDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-9219-7255
Johnson M MolikiDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0009-0006-0675-4606
Sigcinile DlaminiDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-0733-6837
Michele TomasicchioCentre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and UCT Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-2421-7215
G Justus HofmeyrEffective Care Research Unit, Eastern Cape Department of Health, Universities of the Witwatersrand and Fort Hare, East London, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-3080-1007
Charles MorrisonIndependent Consultant, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9873-3194
Pai-Lien ChenFamily Health International (FHI) 360, Durham, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8910-5316
Janet P HapgoodDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-4414-4861

Funding

Combination treatment for protection against HIV1 and pregnancyR01HD083026 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN · PI HAPGOOD, JANET PATRICIA, HEL, ZDENEK · 2015 to 2019
$2.5M
Biological effects, hormone levels and mechanisms relevant to HIV-1 infection for women randomized to the injectable contraceptives depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate or norethisterone enanthate.R01AI152118 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN · PI CHEN, PAI-LIEN, HAPGOOD, JANET PATRICIA · 2020 to 2024
$2.3M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI152118NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD083026NIH HHSProgram for Collaborative Biomedical Research R01AI152118Program for Collaborative Biomedical Research R01HD083026South African Medical Research CouncilUniversity of Cape Town Vice Chancellor's Advancing Womxn
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

problemObservational data suggest lower HIV susceptibility in women using the injectable contraceptive norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) versus intramuscular depo medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM). Clinical data investigating the effects of injectables on HIV target cells are inconsistent or limited. No data on HIV target cells are available from head-to-head randomized trials comparing DMPA-IM and NET-EN, nor at peak progestin concentrations. METHOD OF STUDY: The women's health, injectable contraception, and HIV (WHICH) trial randomized women to DMPA-IM or NET-EN at two South African sites (2018-2019). Cells from blood and cytobrushes from women at one site, taken at baseline and 1 week post the 24-week injection (at peak progestin levels), were analyzed by flow cytometry for select HIV-1 target cells (CD4

resultsSystemically, DMPA-IM and NET-EN similarly reduced the frequency and number of some CD4

conclusionsBoth contraceptives exert minimal effects on systemic CD4

Indexed as

CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesContraceptive Agents, FemaleGenitalia, FemaleHIV-1HIV InfectionsMedroxyprogesterone AcetateNorethindroneAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansInjections, IntramuscularYoung AdultContraceptive Agents, FemaleMedroxyprogesterone AcetateNorethindronenorethindrone enanthateCD4DMPAfemale genital tractHIV‐1 acquisitioninjectable contraceptivesNET‐ENPBMCs

Identifiers

PMID40349359
PMCPMC12066145

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.