Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40349080›Full record

ArticleJournal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England)2025

Assessment of occupational hazards, health effects, and personal protective equipment usage among motorcycle food delivery riders in Thailand: a cross-sectional survey.

Siriaran Kwangsukstith, Vithawat Surawattanasakul, Chollada Mahakkanukrauh, Jinjuta Panumasvivat, Wachiranun Sirikul

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Siriaran KwangsukstithFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Vithawat SurawattanasakulDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Sri Phum Subdistrict, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. vithawat.surawat@cmu.ac.th.
Chollada MahakkanukrauhFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Jinjuta PanumasvivatDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Sri Phum Subdistrict, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Wachiranun SirikulDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Sri Phum Subdistrict, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.

Funding

Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand Grant number: 067/2565
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMotorcycle Food Delivery Riders (MFDRs) play a vital role in the online food delivery industry, yet their prolonged time on the road exposes them to numerous occupational hazards, health risks, making them more vulnerable than both regular motorcyclists and the general population. The study aimed to investigate the working conditions, occupational hazards, health issues, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and the association between occupational hazards and health effects among Thai MFDRs.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to mid-February 2022 in Chiang Mai, Thailand, using an anonymous self-reported survey. A total of 709 MFDRs participated in the survey. Data were collected on background information, job characteristics, occupational hazards, health issues, and the use of PPE over the previous six months. The data were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model.

resultsMost MFDRs are frequently exposed to physical hazards, including heat and sunlight (91.6%), as well as chemical hazards such as exhaust smoke (90.1%) and particulate matter (PM) (86.1%). Most MFDRs reported suffering from musculoskeletal disorders (62.1%) and eyes-related problems (45.1%). The most common problems were shoulder pain (39.2%), neck pain (38.1%), and burning eyes (33.3%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicates that biomechanical hazards are significantly associated with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) (p < 0.05), while psychological hazards significantly associated with headaches, insomnia, and feeling depressed (p < 0.05). Additionally, physical hazards such as sunlight and heat, noise, and whole-body vibrations, are also significantly associated with headaches, flu-like symptoms, and insomnia (p < 0.05). The most worn PPE by the participants were helmets (99.72%), long-leg pants (99.72%), masks (99.29%), and thermal jackets (98.17%).

conclusionsThe high prevalence of occupational hazards and health issues among MFDRs is worrisome. It is critical for platform companies and health sectors to introduce effective protective measures for workers, including establishing health surveillance, and supplying PPE.

Indexed as

Health effectsMotorcycle food delivery ridersOccupational hazardsPersonal protective equipment

Identifiers

PMID40349080
PMCPMC12065142

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.