ArticleEquine veterinary journal2026
Analysis of different techniques for injection of the interspinal space in horses.
Article in Equine veterinary journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Analysis of different techniques for injection of the interspinal space in horses.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Impinging and Overriding Spinous Processes in Horses: A Narrative Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImpingement of spinous processes (SPs) is commonly diagnosed in the equine athlete. For diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, local injections are performed at the level of the space between adjacent spinous processes in affected horses.
objectivesTo assess the accuracy of different techniques for the local injection of the interspinal space in the equine thoracolumbar spine. STUDY
designEx vivo experimental study.
methodsEquine thoracolumbar spine specimens were used to compare three techniques for needle insertion (midline; bilateral abaxial; unilateral oblique), two needles (20G-1½″; 20G-3½″) and two volumes (5 mL; 20 mL) for local injection of the interspinal space. Additionally, needle insertion based on radiographic, ultrasonographic guidance, or palpation was assessed. Computed tomographic analysis and anatomical dissection were performed to evaluate the distribution of the injected volume.
resultsThe most accurate injection of the interspinous ligament was achieved when the midline injection method using a 20G-1½″ short needle and a volume of 5 mL was used. Wide distribution of the injected volume was observed when the bilateral abaxial injection technique was utilised. The unilateral oblique injection technique led to significantly asymmetrical unilateral distribution of the injectate. Radiographic guidance did not increase the accuracy of the injection.
conclusionThe midline injection method is the most reliable technique for the targeted injection of the thoracolumbar interspinal space.
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