ArticleBreast (Edinburgh, Scotland)2025
Trends in the global, national, and regional burden of breast cancer among adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2021: Analyses of the 2021 global burden of disease study.
Article in Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Deciphering the Effect of Methyl 4‑Hydroxybenzoate on Breast Cancer by Bioinformatics and Experiments.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Beyond survival: Confronting the unmet needs in oncofertility care for young women with breast cancer.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026Article
- Breast Cancer Burden in BRICS Countries Attributable to Smoking, High Alcohol Use, High Body Mass Index, and Low Physical Activity, 1990-2021: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 and Mendelian Randomization.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles as a novel tumor-targeting delivery system for cancer treatment.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Epigenetic regulation espeically histone modifications in breast cancer: A viable and emerging targeted therapeutic strategy.Journal of Cancer · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study was devised to evaluate the burden of breast cancer (BC) among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) between 1990 and 2021.
methodsBC burden among AYAs (15-39 years of age) was analyzed by examining the associated age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized prevalence rate, age-standardized death rate, and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates between 1990 and 2021 at the global, national, and regional levels, together with corresponding analyses of health inequality and decomposition analyses.
resultsIn 2021, the respective global age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized prevalence rate, age-standardized death rate, and age-standardized DALYs for BC were 5.87 (5.39,6.41), 49.35 (45.46,53.86), 1.37 (1.24,1.51), and 80.8 (72.84,89.23), which respectively showed increases of 33.4 %, 35.2 %, 1.5 %, and 3.3 % compared to the rate of 1990. While women comprise the vast majority of all BC cases, a higher average annual percent change was observed for males relative to females at the global level. The average annual percent change for BC incidence, prevalence, death, and DALYs among men AYAs (2.59, 2.49, 1.06, 1.10) were all higher than the corresponding values among women (0.91, 0.96, 0.02, 0.09). Regional and national differences in disease burden were observed. BC disease burden was significantly positively correlated with socio-demographic index (SDI). Similar trends were observed in terms of female disease burden, whereas disease burden of male patients was negatively related to SDI. In decomposition analyses, the primary factors associated with changes in age-standardized DALY rates were identified as aging and population growth. Health inequality analyses revealed that the burden of BC among AYAs was particularly concentrated in lower-income countries.
conclusionsThese results highlight that the burden of BC among AYAs has grown in recent decades, while also emphasizing the need to be attentive to the rising occurrence of male BC. Lower-income regions also faced a heavier BC-related burden as compared to more affluent nations. Efforts to reduce the disease burden associated with BC may thus hinge on government-based initiatives focused on improving overall national economic strength and medical system quality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.