ArticleCommunications medicine2025
Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on symptoms and immune phenotypes in vaccine-naïve individuals with Long COVID.
Article in Communications medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04895189 (Yale COVID-19 Recovery Vaccine Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Yale COVID-19 Recovery Vaccine Study: Measuring Changes in Long Covid Symptoms After Vaccination
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of vaccination on prevention of long COVID.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Payers should cover COVID-19 vaccines for all ages and risk groups with no patient cost sharing.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
- Article
- Divergent inflammatory and neurology-related protein levels in long COVID following primary and breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Case Report: Mitochondrial insufficiency underlies cholinergic failure in post-vaccination long COVID: a candidate treatment protocol.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- A pan-beta-coronavirus vaccine bearing conserved and asymptomatic B- and T-cell epitopes protects against highly pathogenic Delta and highly transmissible Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Natural History of Self-reported Symptoms Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Target Trial Emulation in a Prospective Community-Based Cohort.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species: A Unifying Mechanism in Long COVID and Spike Protein-Associated Injury: A Narrative Review.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Impact of QazVac vaccination on clinical manifestations and immune responses in post-COVID syndrome: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- T-cell exhaustion in COVID-19: what do we know?Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Vaccination and COVID-19: impact on long-COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Translating insights into therapies for Long Covid.Science translational medicine · 2024Review
- Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of long COVID-19 among Iranians: A community-based study in southern Iran.BMC public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
32 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe symptomatic and immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination of people with Long COVID are poorly characterized.
methodsIn this prospective study, we evaluated changes in symptoms and immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination in 16 vaccine-naïve individuals with Long COVID. Surveys were administered before vaccination and at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after receiving the first vaccine dose of the primary series. Simultaneously, SARS-CoV-2-reactive TCR enrichment, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses, antibody responses to other viral and self-antigens, and circulating cytokines were quantified before vaccination and at 6 and 12 weeks after vaccination.
resultsAt 12 weeks post-vaccination, self-reported improved health is seen in 10 out of 16 participants, 3 have no change, and 3 have worse health although 2 report transient improvement after vaccination. One participant reporting worse health was hospitalized twice with chest pain (after each dose). Symptom outcomes are most associated with plasma biosignatures. Higher baseline sIL-6R is associated with symptom improvement, and stably elevated levels of IFN-β and CNTF are associated with no improvement. Significant elevation in SARS-CoV-2-specific TCRs and spike protein-specific IgG are observed at 6 and 12 weeks after vaccination. No changes in reactivities are observed against herpes viruses and self-antigens.
conclusionsIn this study of 16 people with Long COVID, vaccination is associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific IgG and T cell expansion in most participants. Specific immune features are associated with symptom change after vaccination and most participants experience improved health or no change following vaccination.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.