Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40346037›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Microheater hotspot engineering for spatially resolved and repeatable multi-level switching in foundry-processed phase change silicon photonics.

Hongyi Sun, Chuanyu Lian, Francis Vásquez-Aza, Sadra Rahimi Kari, Yi-Siou Huang, Alessandro Restelli, Steven A Vitale, Ichiro Takeuchi, Juejun Hu, Nathan Youngblood and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Hongyi SunDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Chuanyu LianDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2463-756X
Francis Vásquez-AzaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8556-4838
Sadra Rahimi KariElectrical & Computer Engineering Department, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8230-2165
Yi-Siou HuangDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5078-2106
Alessandro RestelliJoint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1289-3171
Steven A VitaleAdvanced Materials and Microsystems Group, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-018X
Ichiro TakeuchiDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-0553
Juejun HuDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-3918
Nathan YoungbloodElectrical & Computer Engineering Department, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2552-9376
Georges PavlidisDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Carlos A Ríos OcampoDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. riosc@umd.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6859-5491

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nonvolatile photonic integrated circuits employing phase change materials have relied either on optical switching with precise multi-level control but poor scalability or electrical switching with seamless integration and scalability but mostly limited to a binary response. The main limitation of the latter is relying on stochastic nucleation, since its random nature hinders the repeatability of multi-level states. Here, we show engineered waveguide-integrated microheaters to achieve precise spatial control of the temperature profile (i.e., hotspot) and, thus, switch deterministic areas of an embedded phase change material. We experimentally demonstrate this concept using a variety of foundry-processed doped-silicon microheaters on a silicon-on-insulator platform featuring Sb

Identifiers

PMID40346037
PMCPMC12064670

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.