ArticlePloS one2025
Barriers, facilitators and potential solutions to implementing Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia (KSADS) screening tool at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects 5% of adolescents globally. ADHD increases the child's risk for adverse outcomes, including school failure, juvenile delinquency, substance abuse, and increased sexual risk behaviors. ADHD can be diagnosed in children using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS). Semi-structured or structured diagnostic interviews, such as the KSADS-Present and Lifetime (PL) version by Kaufman and colleagues, are the gold standard in diagnosing psychiatric disorders like ADHD. Nevertheless, KSADS-PL is not used in routine clinical practice in Tanzania. There is no research exploring barriers and facilitators to use of KSADS-PL in resource limited areas including Tanzania. The study aimed to uncover barriers, facilitators and possible solutions related to psychiatric care providers' routine use KSADS-PL at the Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
methodsBetween July and October 2019, we conducted semi-structured interviews that focused on providers' perceptions of facilitators, barriers, and solutions regarding KSADS-PL integration into routine clinical practice, data were analyzed data using a qualitative thematic approach informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).
resultsLimited knowledge and lack of training about KSADS-PL represented the most mentioned perceived barrier for providers. Some providers reported inadequacy of both human and material resources, high workload, and limited physical space at the clinic. Facilitators included readiness for KSADS-PL implementation, and providers' desires for uniform and standardized ways of detecting ADHD. Suggested solutions included involving hospital leaders, support for provider training, increasing staff, making KSADS-PL tools readily available, utilizing an online version of the tool, creating departmental standards, maximizing space at the clinic, and reorganizing clinic flow.
conclusionFindings suggest a need for innovative implementation science solutions such as multifaceted educational strategies focusing on ongoing trainings and supervisions to increase clinical knowledge, reorganizing clinic flow to increase the quality and duration of patient‑provider interaction, as well as role shifting and other planning strategies that may address barriers like understaffing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.