Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40343510›Full record

ArticleHeart and vessels2026

Unpacking the gender divide: a critical examination of sex disparities in chronic heart failure.

Muhammad Khubaib Iftikhar, Qurat Ul Ain Iftikhar

Abstract readLetterComment
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Heart and vessels, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Muhammad Khubaib IftikharIslamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. muhammadkhubaib39619@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-8565-1759
Qurat Ul Ain IftikharIslamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. quratulainiftikhar78900@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-9789-7198

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sex-based disparities in chronic heart failure (CHF) extend beyond clinical outcomes, encompassing psychological burden, self-care behaviors, and quality of life. In response to Sawatari and Niitani's recent findings, we critically examine underlying mechanisms and systemic contributors to these disparities. Drawing on evidence from psychocardiology, multimorbidity research, and sex-specific heart failure phenotypes, we argue that future investigations must adopt a biopsychosocial framework. Addressing physiologic stress responses, gendered health behaviors, and structural inequities will be vital to developing equitable, personalized CHF care.

Indexed as

Healthcare DisparitiesHealth Status DisparitiesHeart FailureQuality of LifeChronic DiseaseFemaleHumansMaleRisk FactorsSex FactorsGender biasHeart failurePsychocardiologyPsychological distressQuality of lifeSelf-careSex differences

Identifiers

PMID40343510

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.