ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2025
Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and predictive modeling of patients diagnosed with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy-related pneumonitis.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Diagnostic research in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: a bibliometric analysis of research evolution, diagnostic focuses, and future priorities.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Advancing immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge: key insights into efficacy, safety, and personalized strategies in advanced solid tumors.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Features, Mechanisms, and Lessons from Lung Cancer.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- [Advances in Radiomics for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-related Pneumonitis of Lung Cancer].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence and radiomics in drug-induced interstitial lung disease.ERJ open research · 2026Review
- When Checkpoint Inhibitors Break Barriers: Mechanisms and Challenges of irAEs of the Skin, Gastrointestinal Tract, and Lung.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Bridging FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and Clinical Practice: Comprehensive Characterization of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Toxicities in Geriatric Lung Cancer Patients.Thoracic cancer · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: current advances and the putative role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- From inflammatory phenotypes to clinical decisions: a stratified diagnostic and therapeutic framework for CIP.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- [Risk Factors, Molecular Mechanisms, and Multimodal Early Warning Strategies for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-associated Pneumonitis in Lung Cancer].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe aim of this study is to better characterize the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients diagnosed with Immune checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) pneumonitis and propose predictive models. PATIENTS AND
methodsPatients diagnosed with ICI pneumonitis at Mayo Clinic from 2014 to 2022 were studied. All cases were independently reviewed by our pulmonology specialist (A.E.) to confirm the appropriate diagnosis. The grading of pneumonitis was defined in accordance with ASCO guidelines (Schneider et al. in J Clin Oncol 39(36):4073-4126, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.21.01440 ). Predictive modeling was performed using gradient boosting machine learning technology, XGBoost (Chen in 1(4):1, 2015), to conduct binary classification and model reverse engineering using Shapley statistics (Lundberg and Lee in Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 30, 2017).
resultsOne hundred and seventy patients with ICI pneumonitis were included (median age 67; IQR 59, 75). Median overall survival was 2.3 years (95% CI: 1.8, NR). A higher grade of ICI pneumonitis was associated with inferior survival (HR 5.85, 95% CI: 2.27, 15.09; p < 0.001). Patients who were rechallenged with immunotherapy had significantly improved hazard of survival compared to patients not rechallenged (HR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.68; p = 0.001). Risk of death from ICI pneumonitis prior to starting immunotherapy was modeled with an area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic (AUC-ROC) of 0.79 with the most contributory features including peripheral blood lymphocyte count, oxygen dependence, pulmonary function testing, and PD-L1 expression.
conclusionThe presentation of ICI pneumonitis is highly variable, and outcomes are dependent on severity, but favor grade 2 disease when patients are rechallenged with immunotherapy. However, using commonly available clinical data, we can accurately identify patients at high risk of death from ICI pneumonitis. Further effort is needed to produce clinical models able to provide clinician decision support when evaluating patients with ICI toxicities and considering ICI rechallenge.
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