Astragaloside IV regulates macrophage polarization via the TLR4/NF-κB/STAT3 pathway to inhibit the malignant phenotype of renal clear cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common and aggressive type of kidney cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effect of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on ccRCC. A variety of cell experimental techniques were used, inducing macrophage polarization, and detecting relevant indicators by flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, MTT, wound healing, Transwell, and western blot. A nude mouse xenograft tumor model was constructed for in vivo studies, and siRNA interference technology was used to explore the signaling pathway. The results demonstrated successful macrophage polarization, with AS-IV inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization and promoting the transition from M0 to M1 polarization. Additionally, AS-IV suppressed ccRCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while reversing the malignant effects of M2 macrophages. The study further revealed that AS-IV inhibited M2 polarization through the TLR4/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway. In vivo experiments showed that AS-IV inhibited the growth of ccRCC tumors. This study revealed that AS-IV influences macrophage polarization by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the malignant phenotype of ccRCC. This finding provides new insights and potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ccRCC.