Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40343450›Full record

SynthesisNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2025

Proton pump inhibitors and risk of hearing loss; a systematic review.

Amin Khadivi, Fatemeh Amiri, Parastoo Radnia, Hanieh Salehi-Pourmehr, Fariba Mirzaei Bavil, Sina Pakkhesal, Sina Hamzehzadeh, Yalda Jabbari Moghaddam, Amirreza Naseri

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Amin KhadiviDepartment of Otolaryngology, Imam Reza General Hospital, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 5166/15731, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-5698-1891
Fatemeh AmiriStudent Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0668-0978
Parastoo RadniaStudent Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2162-2522
Hanieh Salehi-PourmehrResearch Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, 5166/15731, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9030-2106
Fariba Mirzaei BavilDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-5691
Sina PakkhesalStudent Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2540-6827
Sina HamzehzadehResearch Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, 5166/15731, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5344-4885
Yalda Jabbari MoghaddamDepartment of Otolaryngology, Imam Reza General Hospital, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 5166/15731, Iran. Yj_moghaddam@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3217-8391
Amirreza NaseriResearch Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, 5166/15731, Iran. Amirx2eza@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-0109

Funding

Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 74439
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used medications for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other conditions requiring acid suppression. While generally considered safe, concerns have emerged regarding potential long-term adverse effects of PPIs, such as ototoxicity. To systematically synthesize the evidence regarding the association between PPIs usage and the risk of hearing loss. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched in May 2024 and further updated using a handsearching in December 2024. Clinical original studies evaluating the relationship between PPI usage and any type of hearing impairments were included. Exclusion criteria include non-human studies, non-English language publications, reviews, case reports, book chapters, conference abstracts, and retracted studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. The initial database search yielded 661 records. Four studies (total n = 208,956 participants) proceeded to full-text review and were included in the qualitative synthesis. All of the included studies demonstrated a statistically significant association between PPI use and an increased risk of hearing impairments; even after adjusting for possible confounders; however, one study found no independent association after adjusting for GERD symptoms. The findings of this systematic review reveal inconclusive results regarding the association between PPI use and hearing loss. While the limited available evidence suggests a possible increased risk, further research is needed to dissect the possible causal relationship and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Indexed as

Hearing LossProton Pump InhibitorsGastroesophageal RefluxHumansRisk FactorsProton Pump InhibitorsHearing impairmentHearing lossProton pump inhibitorsSensorineural hearing loss

Identifiers

PMID40343450

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.