Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with grape seed extract and blue laser activation for

Background and Aim: Wound healing is a complex biological process often hindered by bacterial infections, particularly Materials and Methods: GSE-AgNPs were synthesized and characterized before application. Wistar mice were divided into three experimental groups: (1) blue laser therapy alone, (2) GSE-AgNPs alone, and (3) combined treatment. A 2.5 cm incision was created on the dorsal side of each mouse, and treatments were administered on days 1, 3, and 5 post-incision. Wound healing progression was assessed through histopathology, bacterial colony counts, and immune response markers (lymphocyte and monocyte levels). Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's Results: Compared with individual treatments, the combination of GSE-AgNPs and blue laser therapy significantly improved wound healing outcomes. The combined therapy led to a 60% reduction in wound size and an 88.73% decrease in Conclusion: The findings suggest that blue laser-activated GSE-AgNPs provide a promising alternative for enhancing wound healing and bacterial infection control, particularly against MRSA. The synergistic effect of nanoparticles and laser activation promotes immune modulation and tissue regeneration. Future research should explore clinical applications and dosage optimization for human use.