ReviewCancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.)2025
Tumor microenvironment-driven resistance to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: strategies for Cold-to-Hot tumor transformation.
Review in Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomaterial-driven remove-remodel-repair (3R) strategy for full-cycle gastric cancer management: bibliometric mapping, preclinical evidence, and a translational roadmap.Nanoscale advances · 2026Review
- Personalized mRNA Neoantigen Vaccines in Cancer: Linking Precision Antigen Selection, Immune Remodeling, and Checkpoint Blockade.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in stage IIIB-IV squamous non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase 3 randomized controlled trials.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Cold and hot tumors: immunological determinants, cancer-immunity cycle dysregulation, and nanotechnology-driven therapeutic approaches.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Endobronchial Intratumoral Immuno- and Gene Therapies in Lung Cancer: Mechanisms of Local Delivery, Systemic Immune Effects, and Global Feasibility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Telomerase-related gene EHHADH drives lung cancer progression and shapes the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Beyond the primary site: Molecular insights and clinical implications of cancer metastatic overlap between lung and urological organ cancers (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Review
- Multifunctional nanotherapeutics for tumor microenvironment modulation in solid tumor therapy.Discover nano · 2026Review
- From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Innovation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Knowledge-Depth Translational Mapping with Experimental Validation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy 3.0: Breakthroughs Steering the Next Generation of Cancer Control.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Multi-omics analysis identifies a major histocompatibility complex class II-associated antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblast-like state linked to the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-karyopherin subunit beta 1 axis in nonsmall cell lung cancer.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2026Article
- Targeting cytokine/chemokine signaling to convert immunologically cold tumors into hot: Emerging strategies in cancer immunotherapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- The role of tumor metabolic reprogramming in acquired anti-PD-1/PD-L1 resistance.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- GFI1 enhances MHC-I expression in tumor cells and augments tumor responsiveness to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Overcoming tumour resistance in cancer immunotherapy through predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Mapping research trends in immune cell metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer: a parallel dual-database bibliometric study.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- The Neutrophil-NET Axis in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Roles, Biomarkers and Therapeutic Opportunities.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Calibrating the RT-cGAS-STING axis to drive cold-to-hot tumor transformation: mechanistic foundations and translational strategies for combination with immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a formidable challenge in oncology due to its molecular heterogeneity and the dynamic suppressive nature of its tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite the transformative impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on cancer therapy, the majority of NSCLC patients experience resistance, necessitating novel approaches to overcome immune evasion. This review highlights shared and subtype-specific mechanisms of immune resistance within the TME, including metabolic reprogramming, immune cell dysfunction, and physical barriers. Beyond well-characterized components such as regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, emerging players - neutrophil extracellular traps, tertiary lymphoid structures, and exosomal signaling networks - underscore the TME's complexity and adaptability. A multi-dimensional framework is proposed to transform cold, immune-excluded tumors into hot, immune-reactive ones. Key strategies include enhancing immune infiltration, modulating immunosuppressive networks, and activating dormant immune pathways. Cutting-edge technologies, such as single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and nanomedicine, are identified as pivotal tools for decoding TME heterogeneity and personalizing therapeutic interventions. By bridging mechanistic insights with translational innovations, this review advocates for integrative approaches that combine ICIs with metabolic modulators, vascular normalizers, and emerging therapies such as STING agonists and tumor vaccines. The synergistic potential of these strategies is poised to overcome resistance and achieve durable antitumor immunity. Ultimately, this vision underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and real-time TME profiling in refining precision oncology for NSCLC, offering a blueprint for extending these advances to other malignancies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.