Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40342221›Full record

ArticleAndrology2026

Night work during pregnancy and risk of cryptorchidism among male offspring: A Danish nationwide register-based cohort study.

Charlotte Bertelsen, Luise Mølenberg Begtrup, Paula E C Hammer, Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde, Anne Helene Garde, Ina Olmer Specht, Johnni Hansen, Esben Flachs Meulengracht, Camilla Sandal Sejbæk

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Andrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Charlotte BertelsenDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Denmark.ORCID 0009-0002-9379-6230
Luise Mølenberg BegtrupDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Denmark.
Paula E C HammerDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Denmark.
Jens Peter Ellekilde BondeDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Denmark.
Anne Helene GardeDepartment of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Ina Olmer SpechtThe Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Johnni HansenDanish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Esben Flachs MeulengrachtDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Denmark.
Camilla Sandal SejbækDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Denmark.

Funding

Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital research fund 23022473Danish Working Environment Research Fund 31-2015-03 2015001705
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimThe aim was to investigate the association between night work during pregnancy and the risk of having a male offspring with cryptorchidism. Furthermore, we explored if the risk of cryptorchidism increased based on trimester-specific night work (gestational weeks 1-12 and 13-22) by sensitivity analyses.

methodsThis register-based cohort study was based on detailed objective working hour data for all employees in the five Danish regions (primarily hospital employees) between 2007 and 2015, retrieved from the Danish Working Hour Database (DWDH). Information on pregnancies and covariates was identified by linking DWDH with the Danish Medical Birth Register. Diagnoses of cryptorchidism were obtained from the Danish National Patient Register. We used logistic regression to investigate the association between different dimensions of night work during the first 32 pregnancy weeks and cryptorchidism. The adjusted models included maternal age, body mass index, socioeconomic position, and maternal smoking.

resultsThe final cohort consisted of 12,915 singleton pregnancies in 11,404 women (primarily nurses), who worked at least one night shift during the first 32 pregnancy weeks. None of the dimensions of night work was associated with an increased risk of having offspring with cryptorchidism compared to day workers. We found the same tendency in the trimester-specific analyses.

conclusionsWe found no increased odds among women working night shifts in healthcare during pregnancy and giving birth to male offspring with cryptorchidism. Future studies investigating night work in occupations other than healthcare are needed to rule out a potential association.

Indexed as

CryptorchidismShift Work ScheduleAdultCohort StudiesDenmarkFemaleHumansMalePregnancyRegistriesRisk Factorscryptorchidismmaternal exposurenight shiftnight workoccupationpregnancy

Identifiers

PMID40342221
PMCPMC12670478

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.