Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40342209›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025

Intergenerational upward educational mobility and cognitive performance: results from the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA).

Erika Meza, Wassim Tarraf, Linda C Gallo, Carmen R Isasi, Krista M Perreira, Melissa Lamar, Mayra L Estrella, Martha Daviglus, Isabel E Allen, Medellena Maria Glymour and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Erika MezaCenter for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8443-5180
Wassim TarrafDepartment of Healthcare Sciences and Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
Linda C GalloDepartment of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.
Carmen R IsasiDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Krista M PerreiraDepartment of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Melissa LamarDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Mayra L EstrellaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Martha DaviglusInstitute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Isabel E AllenCenter for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Medellena Maria GlymourDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Jacqueline M TorresCenter for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Hector M GonzálezDepartment of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

Funding

Hispanic Community Health Study - NIDCDN01HC65235 · NHLBI · YESHIVA UNIVERSITY · PI KAPLAN, ROBERT · 2007 to 2012
$16.0M
OTHER FUNCTIONS - R&D - HISPANIC COMMUNITY HEALTH STUDYN01HC65233 · NHLBI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI CAI, JAIWEN · 2007 to 2012
$15.1M
HISPANIC COMMUNITY HEALTH STUDY - FIELD CENTERN01HC65236 · NHLBI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI DIVIGLUS, MARTHA · 2007 to 2012
$13.4M
HISPANIC COMMUNITY HEALTH STUDY - FIELD CENTERN01HC65234 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI CORAL GABLES · PI SCHNEIDERMAN, NEIL · 2007 to 2012
$13.1M
HISPANIC COMMUNITY HEALTH STUDY - FIELD CENTERN01HC65237 · NHLBI · SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI TALAVERA, GREGORY · 2007 to 2013
$12.4M
Culturally relevant contributors to cognitive and MRI changes in older LatinosR01AG062711 · NIA · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI LAMAR, MELISSA · 2020 to 2025
$3.6M
Protective Factors of Cognitive Aging among Latinos in the 50 States and Puerto RicoK01AG075353 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI Mayra Lorell Estrella · 2022 to 2026
$593k
The effect of intergenerational education on cognitive outcomes for and among Latinos in the United StatesF31AG071111 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI MEZA, ERIKA · 2021 to 2023
$102k
HISPANIC COMMUNITY HEALTH STUDY-268065233N01HC065233 · HC · COORDINATING CENTER · PI CHAMBLESS, LLOYD E · 2006 to 2006
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NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC065233NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC065234NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC065235NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC065236NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC065237NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC65233NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC65234NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC65235NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC65236NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC65237NIA NIH HHS F31 AG071111NIA NIH HHS F31AG071111NIA NIH HHS K01 AG075353NIA NIH HHS R01 AG062711NIMHD NIH HHS L60 MD015551
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionUpward educational attainment is associated with better cognitive function; differences by Hispanic/Latino heritage are unclear.

methodsWe analyzed data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and its ancillary study SOL-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA; n = 3300) to compare cognitive function and 7-year cognitive change between first-generation and multigenerational high school (HS) graduates (i.e., neither parent vs 1+ parent graduated HS) using survey-linear regression models, and assessing for heterogeneity by heritage and nativity.

resultsFirst-generation Cuban, Mexican, and Puerto Rican HS graduates had significantly lower baseline cognitive scores than multigenerational graduates, while Dominican, Central, and South American graduates had similar cognitive scores. We found some evidence of heterogeneity by nativity. Cognitive change was similar across groups. DISCUSSION: More studies of Latinos across the life course are needed to disentangle the role of educational mobility and cognitive health, particularly among US-born Hispanic/Latino adults. HIGHLIGHTS: Intergenerational upward educational mobility has been linked with better late-life health. Despite significant educational gains, little is known about the association between educational mobility and cognitive function among Hispanic/Latino adults. First-generation HS graduates had significantly lower cognitive scores at baseline compared to their multigenerational counterparts, particularly among individuals of Cuban, Mexican, and Puerto Rican heritage. Disparities in cognitive scores between first-generation and multigenerational HS graduates were more pronounced in individuals born outside the United States. Cognitive change appeared similar across groups and did not vary by Hispanic/Latino heritage or nativity.

Indexed as

AgingCognitionEducational StatusHispanic or LatinoAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeuropsychological Testscognitive functioneducationfirst‐generation graduatesHispanic/Latino

Identifiers

PMID40342209
PMCPMC12060129

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.