ArticleNature communications2025
A monolithically integrated optical Ising machine.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Optical Ising machine.National science review · 2026Article
- Emerging integrated photonic neural network technologies for artificial intelligence: from devices to systems.National science review · 2026Review
- How nanophotonics can drive optical computing toward practical applications.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Review
- Accelerating a coherent Ising machine by XY-Ising spin transition.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- SUANPAN: scalable photonic linear vector machine.Light, science & applications · 2026Article
- Nonlinear optoelectronic engine drives monolithic integrated photonic computing.Light, science & applications · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The growing demand for enhanced computational power and energy efficiency has driven the development of optical Ising machines for solving combinatorial optimization problems. However, existing implementations face challenges in integration density and energy efficiency. Here, we propose a monolithically integrated four-spin Ising machine based on optoelectronic coupled oscillators. This system integrates a custom-designed Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) symmetric matrix with a high-efficiency optical-electrical coupled (OEC) nonlinear unit. The OEC unit has an ultra-compact 0.01 mm² footprint and achieves a power efficiency of 4 mW per unit, ensuring scalability. The reconfigurable real-valued coupling matrix achieves a mean fidelity of 0.986. The spin evolution time is measured as 150 ns, with a 1.71 ns round-trip time confirmed through bandwidth measurements. The system successfully finds ground states for various four-spin Ising problems, demonstrating its effectiveness. This work represents a significant step toward monolithic integration of all-optical physical annealing systems, minimizing footprint, power consumption, and convergence time.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.