Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40341494›Full record

ArticleJournal of animal science2025

Estrogen promotes autophagy in the mammary epithelial cells of dairy sheep via the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis.

Tingting Chu, Jiashun Tong, Zhongshi Zhu, Lei Sun, Jiuzeng Cui, Yue Jiang, Jiaxin Liu, Naseer Ahmad, Lei Zhang, Yuxuan Song

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of animal science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Tingting ChuCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YangLing District, XianYang City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.
Jiashun TongCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YangLing District, XianYang City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.
Zhongshi ZhuCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YangLing District, XianYang City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.
Lei SunCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YangLing District, XianYang City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.
Jiuzeng CuiCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YangLing District, XianYang City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.
Yue JiangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YangLing District, XianYang City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.
Jiaxin LiuCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YangLing District, XianYang City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.
Naseer AhmadCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YangLing District, XianYang City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.ORCID 0009-0005-8967-6203
Lei ZhangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YangLing District, XianYang City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.
Yuxuan SongCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YangLing District, XianYang City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.

Funding

High-Quality Dairy Sheep for Improvement SMXMKJ001Rapid Expansion and Selective Breeding of High-YieldScience and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Programme 2022ZD0401403Shaanxi Province Centralized Guided Local ScienceTechnology Development Fund Projecct 2024ZY-CGZY-20
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mammary gland development and lactation in dairy sheep are regulated by hormones and autophagy; however, the role of estrogen-mediated autophagy remains unclear. This study determined that estrogen enhances autophagy, promotes CXCR4 and CXCL12 gene expression, and increases the number of autolysosomes in sheep mammary epithelial cells. Co-treatment with a CXCR4 overexpression vector and the small-molecule alternative of CXCL12, NUCC-390, significantly upregulated ATG5 and LC3 gene expression, increased the abundance of the autophagy-associated protein ATG5 and the LC3II/I ratio, and increased the consumption of the autophagy substrate P62. These results suggest that CXCR4 and CXCL12 signaling promotes autophagy in mammary epithelial cells. Conversely, co-treatment with a CXCR4-specific blocker and estrogen inhibited autophagic changes in ATG5, P62, and LC3 levels, reducing the number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Overall, this study demonstrated that estrogen promotes autophagy in sheep mammary epithelial cells through the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis, revealing the underlying mechanisms behind estrogen-mediated autophagy.

Indexed as

AutophagyChemokine CXCL12Epithelial CellsEstrogensMammary Glands, AnimalReceptors, CXCR4AnimalsFemaleGene Expression RegulationSheepSignal TransductionChemokine CXCL12EstrogensReceptors, CXCR4autophagyCXCL12/CXCR4 signalingestrogen

Identifiers

PMID40341494
PMCPMC12062523

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.