Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40341492›Full record

ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2025

AG86 Peptide-modified Reactive Oxygen Species-responsive Polymer Nanovesicles for Transdermal Delivery of Hydrophilic Ergothioneine to Basal Keratinocytes.

Junlong Chen, Yiqing Long, Xiaozeliang Zhou, Zongning Yin

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Junlong ChenKey Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Yiqing LongKey Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Xiaozeliang ZhouKey Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Zongning YinKey Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. yzn@scu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6517-3901

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aims to develop a multifunctional polymer nanovesicle system, AG86-β-glucan-poly(methionine-b-carboxybetaine) (AGPMC), which integrates AG86 peptide (a targeting ligand for the α6β4 integrin on basal keratinocytes) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsiveness to enhance the transdermal delivery of ergothioneine (EGT). The objective is to overcome the limitations of hydrophilic drug delivery and provide a targeted, ROS-triggered strategy for treating skin lipofuscin. AGPMC was synthesized via RAFT and ROP polymerization and self-assembles into stable nanovesicles (ANVs). Physicochemical characterization confirmed that the unloaded ANVs have an average size of 106.17 ± 3.26 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.261 ± 0.027, with excellent stability and clear ROS-triggered structural responsiveness. After EGT loading, the nanovesicles exhibited a size of 140.10 ± 3.33 nm and a PDI of 0.217 ± 0.008. In vitro studies using HaCaT cells demonstrated a significant enhancement in cellular uptake, with an increase of up to 2.2-fold compared to free FSS (p < 0.0001), as well as effective ROS scavenging and minimal cytotoxicity. The endocytosis mechanism study revealed that ANVs are primarily taken up via energy-dependent active transport, with caveolae-mediated endocytosis being the main pathway. Moreover, transdermal delivery studies confirmed that EGT-loaded nanovesicles significantly improved drug penetration through the stratum corneum. This work represents the first application of the AG86-conjugated nanovesicles for keratinocyte-targeted delivery, combined with ROS responsiveness. The "Loading-Targeting-Responding " strategy holds significant potential for enhancing hydrophilic drug delivery and offers a promising approach for treating age-related skin lipofuscin accumulation.

Indexed as

ErgothioneineKeratinocytesNanoparticlesPeptidesPolymersReactive Oxygen SpeciesAdministration, CutaneousAnimalsCell LineDrug CarriersDrug Delivery SystemsHaCaT CellsHumansHydrophobic and Hydrophilic InteractionsParticle SizeSkinDrug CarriersErgothioneinePeptidesPolymersReactive Oxygen SpeciesAG86 peptideergothioneinepolymer nanovesiclesROS-Responsivetransdermal drug delivery system

Identifiers

PMID40341492

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.