ArticleBritish journal of cancer2025
Sex differences in cancer incidence: prospective analyses in the UK Biobank.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sex/gender differences in the association between behavioural factors and cancers: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with quantitative synthesis.Biology of sex differences · 2025Pooled it
- Pan-cancer analysis of Notch pathway-linked gene expression identifies tumour-specific and sex-stratified prognostic associations.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Disparities in Cancer Incidence by Sex and Associated Lifestyle Factors and Health Conditions.JAMA oncology · 2026Article
- The Burden and Risk Factors of Head and Neck Cancers in G20 Countries, 1990-2023.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Sex differences in non-reproductive cancers: mechanistic roles of sex-hormone signaling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Cancer Stage at Diagnosis of Nonreproductive Solid Organ Tumors in the United States, 2015 to 2022.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Improving predicted risk of recurrence using molecular profiling in papillary thyroid cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Trends in mortality among patients with malignant neoplasm of kidney in the United States, 1999-2023: a retrospective study.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Esophageal cancer mortality in China, 2008-2021: trends, disparities, and projections.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Mortality trends of malignant neoplasm of kidney among 5-85+ year-olds in the United States: a retrospective analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Plant-based dietary patterns, micronutrient status and breast cancer outcomes: a joint analysis of UK Biobank and Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe examined differences in cancer incidence between women and men and the extent to which these persisted after accounting for established risk factors.
methodsProspective analyses in the UK Biobank to examine associations between sex and risk of 15 cancers (and 13 subtypes) using minimal and multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. Multivariable models were stratified for age, deprivation index, and region, and adjusted for ethnicity, qualifications, height, BMI, smoking status, alcohol, and site-specific risk factors.
resultsDuring 10.5 (SD 2.2) years of follow-up, 32,315 incident cancers across 15 anatomical sites (58.1% in women) were identified in 470,771 individuals (53.8% women). Some differences in cancer risk between the sexes attenuated to the null in the multivariable-adjusted models, but men remained at greater risk than women for cancers at eight sites: oesophageal adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio 5.45; 95% confidence interval, 4.18-7.12), gastric cardia (3.65; 2.48-5.38), bladder (3.47; 2.85-4.24), oral cavity (2.06; 1.69-2.51), liver (1.91; 1.48-2.47), kidney (1.77; 1.51-2.09), rectum (1.70; 1.47-1.96), and leukaemia (1.43; 1.21-1.69). Men had lower risks for cancers of the breast, thyroid (0.36; 0.26-0.49), anus (0.41; 0.26-0.64), and lung adenocarcinoma (0.72; 0.62-0.84).
conclusionFurther research on these sex differences in risk may provide insights into cancer aetiology.
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