Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40340945›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Cyberbullying through the lens of trauma: an empirical examination of US youth.

Sameer Hinduja, Justin W Patchin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Sameer HindujaFlorida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA. hinduja@fau.edu.
Justin W PatchinUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Avenue, Eau Claire, WI, 54702-4004, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundScholars have argued that cyberbullying should be characterized as an Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) given its potential for traumatic impacts on youth development. Considering the current attention surrounding mental health and well-being among adolescents, it seems critical to empirically measure this relationship, and also determine if some types have a stronger negative influence.

methodsData utilized in this study were derived from a survey conducted on a nationally-representative sample in 2023 involving 2,697 English-speaking middle and high school students aged 13 to 17 residing within the United States.

resultsWe identified a strong positive relationship between PTSD symptoms and experience with cyberbullying. Surprisingly, exclusion and rejection were just as harmful as overt threats when it comes to inducing trauma. Gossip and malicious comments were as detrimental as targeting someone based on their identity.

conclusionBy becoming more trauma-informed and implementing school-based specific measures, those who work with youth can better safeguard and support them in the face of cyberbullying.

Indexed as

CyberbullyingStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticAdolescentFemaleHumansMaleStudentsSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesAdverse childhood experiencesCyberbullyingCyberviolenceTeensTrauma

Identifiers

PMID40340945
PMCPMC12063437

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.