ArticleBMC anesthesiology2025
Esketamine combined with low-dose propofol induction strategy for category-1 cesarean section: a case series.
Article in BMC anesthesiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGeneral anesthesia (GA) is the most accepted option for category-1 emergency cesarean sections (CSs). A low dose of esketamine has been used as an excellent adjunct to neuraxial anesthesia (NA) with little effect on newborns. However, literature on the use of esketamine for GA induction in emergency CS is limited. This case series describes our experience with an esketamine-based combined low-dose propofol induction strategy for category-1 CS.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed esketamine-based anesthesia induction for category-1 emergency CS at our hospital between November 2022 and November 2024. Modified rapid sequence induction included 0.5 mg/kg esketamine, 1 mg/kg propofol, and 1 mg/kg rocuronium, respectively. Anesthesia was maintained by propofol infusion at 4 mg/kg/h and inhalation of 1.5% sevoflurane. The dose of propofol and sevoflurane was adjusted to maintain the BIS value at 40-60.
resultsThe final cohort comprised 11 patients. The median 1-minute Apgar score was 9 points [range, 6-10], and the 5-minute Apgar score was 10 points for all newborns. The mean decision-to-delivery interval (DDI) was 10.9 ± 2.4 min. Only one newborn required temporary mask ventilation due to acute fetal distress, mainly caused by major placental abruption. No newborns were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). No episodes of hypotension (MAP < 70 mmHg) were observed from anesthesia induction to delivery of the newborns. In all cases, there was no intraoperative awareness, reflux aspiration, or adverse psychiatric effects.
conclusionsThe esketamine-based combination low-dose propofol induction strategy can effectively maintain maternal hemodynamic stability without causing neonatal depression, making it suitable for category-1 emergency CSs. However, further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.