Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40340796›Full record

ArticleGut microbes2025

Engineered bacteria as an orally administered anti-viral treatment and immunization system.

Nitin S Kamble, Shindu Thomas, Tushar Madaan, Nadia Ehsani, Saqib Sange, Kiersten Tucker, Alexis Muhumure, Sarah Kunkler, Nalinikanth Kotagiri

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Gut microbes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  11. Microbial medicines: Unlocking the therapeutic potential of the microbiome in cancer treatment.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026
    Review
  12. Vitamin D3 contribution to systemic and local control ofFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Nitin S KambleDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Shindu ThomasDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Tushar MadaanDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Nadia EhsaniDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Saqib SangeDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Kiersten TuckerDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Alexis MuhumureDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Sarah KunklerDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Nalinikanth KotagiriDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0066-4563

Funding

Siderophore based molecular imaging of pulmonary infectionsR01HL168588 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI Nalinikanth Kotagiri · 2023 to 2026
$2.4M
Genetically-encoded molecular imaging of genome-edited immune cellsR01CA279962 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI Nalinikanth Kotagiri · 2024 to 2026
$2.3M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA279962NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL168588
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The emergence of new viral pathogens necessitates innovative antiviral therapies and vaccines. Traditional approaches, such as monoclonal antibodies and vaccines, are often hindered by resistance, limited effectiveness, and high costs. Here, we develop an engineered probiotic-based antiviral platform using

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsEscherichia coliProbioticsSingle-Domain AntibodiesAdministration, OralAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2AnimalsAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19FemaleHumansImmunizationMiceMice, Inbred BALB CSARS-CoV-2Spike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2Antibodies, ViralAntiviral AgentsSingle-Domain AntibodiesSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2Engineered probioticslive antiviral nanobody therapeuticslive antiviral vaccinesmucosal and systemic immunityouter membrane vesicles (OMVs)

Identifiers

PMID40340796
PMCPMC12064065

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.