Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40340056›Full record

ReviewHandbook of clinical neurology2025

Organization of the basal forebrain cholinergic system in the human brain.

Changiz Geula, Ivan Ayala, Tamar Gefen, M-Marsel Mesulam

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Handbook of clinical neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Changiz GeulaMesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States. Electronic address: c-geula@northwestern.edu.
Ivan AyalaMesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Tamar GefenMesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
M-Marsel MesulamMesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.

Funding

Research Education Core FP30AG072977 · NIA · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI ROBERT J VASSAR · 2021 to 2026
$26.3M
Concordance of TDP-43 Inclusions with Cortical Atrophy and Clinical PhenotypeR01NS085770 · NINDS · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI GEULA, CHANGIZ · 2014 to 2024
$5.0M
Clinical, Neuroanatomic, and Pathologic Signatures of FTLD-tau in Dementia Phenotypes - Diversity Supplement (Antwan Howard)R01AG062566 · NIA · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI GEFEN, TAMAR D · 2020 to 2024
$2.1M
CALBINDIN AND CHOLINERGIC NEURONS IN AGING AND ADR01AG014706 · NIA · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI GEULA, CHANGIZ · 1999 to 2002
$830k
CaMKI, Apoptosis and Cholinergic Neurons in Aging and ADR03AG027141 · NIA · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI GEULA, CHANGIZ · 2006 to 2007
$139k
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072977NIA NIH HHS R01 AG014706NIA NIH HHS R01 AG062566NIA NIH HHS R03 AG027141NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS085770
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The mammalian nervous system contains several cholinergic cell groups. The most extensive of these are the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (BFCN). The human BFCN are organized into four cell groups (Ch): Ch1, centered around the medial septum (Ch1-ms), Ch2 in the vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca (Ch2-dbv), Ch3 around the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (Ch3-dbh), and Ch4 in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (Ch4-nbM). The Ch4-nbM is the largest of these neuronal groups and is parcellated into sectors based on grouping of cells and anatomic landmarks. Consistent with their cholinergic phenotype, BFCN cell groups are rich in synthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and hydrolytic enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). They also have high content of nerve growth factor receptors and calcium-binding protein calbindin-D

Indexed as

Basal ForebrainCholinergic NeuronsAnimalsCholine O-AcetyltransferaseHumansNeural PathwaysCholine O-AcetyltransferaseBasal forebrainCholinergic systemHuman brain

Identifiers

PMID40340056
PMCPMC13375150

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.